84 TECHNOLOGY. 
Danforth, an American invention, introduced, however, soon after its inven- 
_ tion into the factories of England and other countries. The twisting of the 
roving, as it comes from the front drawing-rollers, is here performed by 
revolving tubes, through which it is made to pass on its way to the bobbins. 
The latter consist of simple hollow wooden tubes without ends, which rest 
upon iron axles, and are moved by friction upon horizontal iron drums or 
rollers, upon which the bobbins bear by their own weight, whilst the feeding 
tube has a transverse motion for the purpose of distributing the roving upon 
the bobbin. This transverse motion is diminished gradually as the spool 
increases in size, for the purpose of producing conical ends. This machine 
contains a drawing arrangement similar to that already described. 
Pl. 17, jig. 22, shows one end, and jig. 23 the other of the machine. In 
the latter the three pairs of drawing-rollers are seen in section at a, and in 
the former an outside view of the front rollers, B, is given, to show their 
arrangement upon the roller beam, c. The position of the usual fast and 
loose pulleys upon the main shaft, a, is indicated by dotted lines, as also 
the large pulley, ¢c', which communicates motion to the revolving tubes. 
Pil. 18, jig. 1, is a portion of the forward view of the machine, to show the 
working gear and the manner in which the bobbins are filled ; jig. 2 shows 
the principal spinning parts of the machine on a large scale ; jig. 4, a forward 
view, showing some details subservient to the traverse motion of the 
tubes ; fig. 6, a side view of the same. a’ B’, pl. 17, fig. 22, are the two 
rows of drawing-rollers, which receive the rovings as they come from the 
cans behind the machine. After the rovings have passed the front rollers 
of the first set, they enter the back pair of the front set, both sets revolving 
with equal velocity, and are delivered by the front roller of the second set 
to the bobbins in slender slubbengs. The bobbins are arranged in a line in 
front of the machine and rest upon fluted rollers, p, the common axle of 
which passes longitudinally through the machine. These rollers are fluted 
for the purpose of creating friction upon the surface of the cotton-covered 
bobbins, one of which is seen at © (pl. 18, jig. 1), filled and in its place, 
and revolving in slots in the upright pieces d, by which arrangement the 
bobbin is enabled to rise as it increases in diameter. ee (pl. 17, jig. 28) 
are several arms secured to the roller-beam, oc, upon the inclined surface of 
which the bearings, 7, receive an up and down motion by means of the 
pinions, g, engaging in the racks, A. The part f of these bearings serves to 
slide a small iron frame, 2, best seen in the section jig. 3. Upon its surface 
are secured the bearings 7/7, in which the carriers of the revolving tubes 
may vibrate or swing on an axis, as seen at one point in pl. 18, jig. 1. 
mm (fig. 8) are the tubes revolving with their ends in the carriers, kk ; 
m is a guide plate for conducting the roving after it has received a momen- 
‘tary twist in the tubes; 0 is a catch attached to the carrier, 4, to hang it upon 
‘an iron rod running the whole length of the machine, when the bobbins are 
‘to be changed ; at other times it presses with the plate, m, upon the roving 
-of the bobbin, £. 
As the roving is being wound upon the bobbin, the frame, 2, with the 
carriers, kk, gradually rises by means of the pinions, g, engaging in the 
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