92 TECHNOLOGY. 
In the beginning of building the cop the nut, 10, is nearest the centre of 
the quadrant, p, and may then be considered as a fixed point for the chain, 
causing therefore the spindles to turn with the carriage during its going in. 
During the making of the double cone foundation of the cop (pl. 18, fig. 
16), the nut, 10, is moved gradually towards the extremity of the arm, y, 
thus describing increasing arcs, and thereby causing the spindles to turn at 
each stretch more slowly at the beginning, and more quickly towards the 
end of the winding-on; the faller beginning the winding-on each time at a 
higher point of the spindle. | 
When the double cone is made, the winding-on guided by the quadrant, 
Pp, remains constant, as the nut, 10, does not move any more, while the 
faller after each stretch continues to lay on the winding from a higher point 
of the spindle. The motion to the screw, y, is given at each stretch in the 
following manner. Over the small pulley, 2 (jg. 8), and over the guide-pulley 
a’, runs an endless band, a certain length of which is moved during the 
return of the carriage in forming the double cone foundation of the cop. 6 
is a lever connected with the faller arm, c', by a chain, and which, when the 
faller sinks, presses upon the said band and pinches it to the plate, d’ (jig. 
11), whereby it is fixed by the returning carriage and drawn along with it 
till the faller rises again and lifts the weight of the pinching lever, d, from the 
plate. 
After the double cone is made, the faller no longer descends so low as to 
permit the lever, 6, to press upon the band, and the nut, 10, is no further 
moved outwards; thenceforth the cop continues to be built by winding on 
uniform surfaces of yarn upon the top cone of the foundation (jig. 16); the 
faller at each stretch descending less and less, and consequently beginning 
the winding-on at successively higher points (jig. 16). 
On the carriage (jigs. 11 and 12) are two shafts, e and ff, running its 
whole length, the former being the faller-shaft, and the latter the counter- 
faller-shaft, which latter is here put in front of the carriage. 
On either side of the carriage both are moved by small arms attached to 
them, and by connecting-rods joined to arms, ¢ and #, on the ends of hori- 
zontal shafts, 7’ m’. The faller-shaft, e, is always kept up by several spiral 
springs working on arms attached to it, unless when depressed during the 
winding-on action of the machine. On the counter-faller-shaft, /, are several 
segments from which by chains are suspended weights, »’, which are 
directly proportional to the number of the threads, and inversely propor- 
tional to the fineness of the yarn, and which serve to support the threads 
during their winding on the spindles. The faller-shafts on each side of the 
machine are depressed and raised in the following way. On the shaft 
belonging to the left side of the carriage is fixed a small pinion, 0’, which 
is in gear with the toothed segment, p’, the shaft of which rests in bearings 
on the carriage (jigs. 8, 14, and 15). The toothed segment, p’, has one 
portion smooth, at whose end is a notch, g’, into which by turning the 
segment, which is loose on its shaft, a catch, 7’, may fall. This catch is 
fixed upon a curved arm, s’, which embraces the shaft of the segment, and 
is thus permitted to move up and down with the catch,7’. Another curved 
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