96 TECHNOLOGY. 
connected with the counter-faller shaft, is caught when the carriage is going 
out. This arm has on its end a roller, which glides at the beginning of the 
course of the carriage over an inclined plane, x, fixed on the floor (fig. 11), 
and lifts the arm to be laid hold of by the catch k'”.. When, however, the 
faller becomes depressed at the going-in of the carriage, the finger, ¢’”’, is 
attached to the arm ¢ (jig. 11), near the left hand wheel, disengages the arm 
attached to the counter-faller from its catch k'’’, and causes the counter- 
faller to react against the tension of the threads. 
The yarn is now reeled and bound in hanks. It is numbered according 
to its fineness, the number expressing the weight of a certain fixed length . 
of thread. /%gs. 22 and 23 represent the scales commonly made use of for 
weighing yarn ; jig. 24 illustrates its operation. The assorted yarn is then 
packed for transportation in a press of simple construction, seen in jigs. 27, 
28, and 29. 
6. Tue Sincine or Gassing or YARN. 
The fine cotton yarn used in the manufacture of bobbin-net lace, and for 
hosiery, is generally subjected to a singing process, to free it from loose 
fibres, which operation gives it a more uniform, compact appearance. This 
singing is accomplished in a peculiar machine by passing the threads with 
great rapidity through the flame of gas. Pl. 19, jigs. 16, 17, and 18, are 
different views of a gassing machine of simple construction, the general 
operation of which is apparent from inspection. /%g. 19 is the heart-cam 
serving to guide the thread upon the winding-on bobbin. The thread passes 
from the bobbins 1 round the glass pins p and the rollers g and 9g’, between 
which rollers it is subjected to the action of the flame; thence it passes 
through the guide-plate, 7, to the winding-on bobbins, ¢, which are revolved 
by friction upon the rotating carrier pulleys, r. The bobbins make from 
2500 to 3500 revolutions per minute. ? 
7. WrAvine. 
The preparatory step to weaving is arranging the warp-yarn in parallel 
layers upon a wooden beam. ‘This is effected by the aid of an ingenious 
machine called the warping-mill. PJ. 19, jig. 2, is an end view, and jig. 
3 a plan of a warping-mill of approved construction. The threads pass from 
the bobbins a through guides @ and d@ round rollers cc’ c”’, and are ulti- 
mately wound upon the warp beam «, which runs in vertical slots in the 
arms 7, and is revolved by friction upon a cioth-covered roller, 1. 
For the purpose of showing the threads more plainly, the machine is 
painted black, and when the warper discovers a thread to be missing, she 
stops the machine, finds the ends and unites them, and the machine runs 
on again. PJ. 19, fig. 20, shows the arrangement of the spools in jig 8. 
Pl. 19, jig. 1, shows the ordinary method of beaming for hand-weaving. 
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