100 TECHNOLOGY. 
the wheel is driven. The goods are then boiled to free them entirely from 
size and to open the pores. 
Pl. 18, figs. 17, 18, and 19, represent a washing-kettle of common con- 
struction, the upper part, a, of which is for the reception of the goods, and 
the lower, L, for the water; c is a grating, seen also in fig. 19, from the 
central hole of which rises the tube p. ¥F is the fire-chamber, the grating 
of which is seen in jfig.18. In this kettle the goods are boiled ten hours, 
being closely watched, as the water should constantly rise through the 
tube p and pass down through the goods. 
Then follows the bucking or boiling in a lye of potash, which is thrice . 
repeated, the goods being washed after each operation, and ultimately 
passed through the wringing-machine (pl. 18, jigs. 20 and 21), consisting 
of rollers in a strong frame, between which the cotton is passed under 
heavy pressure, and thus the water is pressed out. Then follows the treat- 
ment with chloride of lime, and finally the sour bath, the acid of which 
acting upon the chloride gradually and slowly sets free the chlorine in 
immediate contact with the cotton. 
The goods then pass to the starching and steam-drying apparatus (pi. 18, 
jigs. 25 and 26), being carried from the roller q@ beneath a roller, 1, which 
carries it through the paste-trough, £; it then passes over the hollow cylin- 
ders, 1, heated by steam, admitted through the tubes, 0, from the steam- 
pipe, x. Ultimately the finished cotton passes out between the rollers, 1, 
and is folded upon the table, v. : 
We close our observations on cotton manufacture with a few cursory 
remarks on the kindred manufacture of woollen goods. 
Woot LEN MANUFACTURE. 
Nearly all the wool manufactured in Europe and the United States is 
that of the sheep. The first operation to which it is subjected is washing 
with soap and water, to free it from sweat, grease, and dust; it is then passed 
through the. drying squeezers, and carried to the drying-room over the 
boilers of the steam-engine. The wool is then passed through a machine 
differing somewhat from the willow used in the cotton manufacture, and 
represented in pl. 18, jigs. 30-33. It consists of a series of rapidly revolving 
fans upon a shaft, # (jig. 33), within a net-work of wire, the whole inclosed 
within a tight wooden case, aB. The wool is fed to the machine upon the 
feeding apron, D, running upon rollers, £ and eG, passes between finted rollers, 
and is caught by the teeth, n, of the revolving fans; and as it is carried 
round is beaten against the wire net-work, separated and opened by the teeth, 
0, upon the interior of the wire cylinder, and ultimately thrown out at one 
end of the machine, opened and free from the dust, which has passed through 
the wire cylinder. After being cleaned in this manner, the wool is again 
oiled and passed through a wolf of simpler construction, then carded upon 
machines not essentially different from those already described under 
Cotton Manufacture, spun, and woven. 
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