HUNTING AND FISHING. 155 . 
Besides the straw cover which surmounts the whole, each hive is furnished 
with a wooden cover composed of slats (jigs. 52 and 53); these bars should 
be 14 inches wide and placed at a distance of half'an inch from each other, and 
are for the purpose of supporting the combs attached to them. Other hives 
have been used with glass windows (jigs. 48-50), through which the opera- 
tions of the bees may be watched ; jig. 54 is the cover of the hive seen in® 
jig. 50, showing the openings through which the bees pass to the glasses 
above. ‘The better to observe the bees at their labors, the bottom or sides 
of the hives may be made of glass (jig. 51); jigs. 40 and 41 represent a 
barrel hive, much used in Europe, where the bees are managed on the 
depriving system ; at the close of the season the hive is opened and the 
surplus honey is cut out; to facilitate this operation, the division boards, 
which in jigs. 47 a@ and 0 are horizontal, are in this hive placed vertically. 
Bee-stands are the shelters in which a number of hives are placed, and 
may be either large wooden boxes, containing a number of hives (fig. 46), 
or masonry structures (jig. 38), or detached sheds, open upon one side or 
entirely closed (jig. 39), the object in every case being to protect the hives 
and bees from the sun, rain, and cold winds. 
X. HUNTING AND FISHING. 
1. Honrine. 
Hontine is the art of chasing and capturing the various kinds of wild 
animals, either with a view to their destruction as vermin, or as affording 
sport in the pursuit, or as furnishing food, clothing, or other economical 
results. The classification sometimes adopted in professional treatises of 
different degrees of the art, varying with the kind of game, will here be 
unnecessary. 
Hunting in Europe differs very materially from the art as practised in 
America, if indeed it deserves the name of an art upon the latter continent. 
There the noxious animals have become scarce, comparatively speaking, and 
game properly so-called is in most places protected by law, and killed only 
by the privileged classes. In many parts of America, on the contrary, 
bears, wolves, jaguars, &., are still to be found in abundance, and game 
may be taken by any one who has the inclination to seek and possesses 
skill in finding and capturing. Whilst in Europe hunting has become an 
art usually practised by the rich and noble or their retainers only, in 
America the field is open to al], and in most cases hunting is practised in a 
very unskilful manner. In presenting the following article, therefore, our 
object is not so much to afford instruction to our American readers, who 
will probably derive from it little or no information of practical importance, 
as to show the manner in which hunting is carried on in the civilized parts 
of the Old World, to give an account of the implements used, the different 
species of animals pursued. &e. 
735 
