156 TECHNOLOGY. 
The animals sought after in Europe are Bears, Deer, Roes, Wild Boars, 
Hares, Foxes, Badgers, Beavers, Otters, Martens, and Wild Cats, among 
quadrupeds, and Wood Grouse, Moor Fowl or Red Grouse, Pheasants, 
Partridges, Woodcock, Snipe, Quail, Swans, Wild Geese, Wild Ducks, 
Buzzards, Curlews, Plover, Corncrakes, Fieldfares, &c., among birds, and 
«the order in which they are mentioned will indicate their relative impor- 
tance in the eyes of the hunters and sportsmen of that country. 
A, Aids in Hunting. 
Success in hunting depends in a great measure upon the sagacity and 
training of the dogs employed to discover the trail of game and other ani- 
mals. Hence it is necessary that the hunter be provided with good dogs, 
the training of which should, whenever possible, be superintended by him- 
self. At the head of hunting-dogs stands the slow-hound, by means of 
which the trails of wild animals are discovered and followed up. The 
education of this kind of dog is a task requiring great care, and three years 
are usually consumed in the process. If the animal is not perfectly trained 
at the end of this period of time, the blame should rest upon the trainer, 
provided the dog is of a good stock. The slow-hound may be trained upon 
stags and wild boars. For baiting-dogs, the Bull-dog, Danish Mongrel, 
Wolf-dog, and Pomeranian Boar-hound are employed; they also require a 
very careful education, and should be taught not only to catch a wild animal 
when wounded, but to seize it at the proper place, and not to make the 
attack from behind. In addition to those already mentioned we may also 
name the. Boar-finder, the Pointer, Setter, and Spaniel, the Greyhound, 
used in catching hares, the Badger-dog, employed in searching for foxes 
and badgers in their subterranean retreats, the Otter-dog, and even the 
Poodle, which may be trained as a water-dog. Horses are also of assistance 
in hunting, and are used either as stalking-horses, behind which the hunter 
conceals himself in order to approach within proper distance of game, or as 
saddle-horses mounted, upon which the hunter follows deer, &c. In this 
connexion we mention, finally, Hawks, although falconry at the present 
day has been almost entirely abandoned. For this description of hunting 
all the species of hawks are employed, but a careful education is required 
to render them serviceable. Immediately after the capture of a hawk 
its talons are cut off, and a cap of strong leather ( pl. 33, jig. 48), made in 
such a manner as to cover the eyes completely, without, however, causing a 
painful pressure upon those organs, is clapped upon the head, and removed 
only at bathing and feeding times. The wings are confined by means of the 
collar (fig. 50, c), a strap of fourteen inches in length, provided with a slit, 
whilst the feet are shackled with the catching shoes, rings nearly four 
inches long with loops supporting the bill. To the catching-shoes are 
attached leather straps used for keeping the hawk at a greater or less dis- 
tance. Hawks are kept in a mews or house arranged for the purpose, on 
hoops or horizontal poles, are attended to very carefully, and now and then 
bathed; the Jer Falcon requiring to be frequently sprinkled with cold 
water. The training of hawks is a work troublesome in the highest degree. 
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