INDEX TO TECHNOLOGY. 
Gunpowder, method of blasting rocks with, 
111-113. 
Harrow, the, various forms of, 142, 143. 
Hawks, the training of, for sporting purposes, 
156, 157. 
Highways, construction of, on land and water, 
2 et seq. 
Hog, the, proper food for, 151, 152. 
Horse, the, as a farming animal, 148 ; condition 
and appearance of the teeth of, at various ages, 
148, 149. 
Hunting, general observations on, and description 
of the pursuit of various kinds of game and of 
the principal apparatus used in, 155-162. 
Hydraulic engines, 59; pumps, 59-61; the hy- 
draulic ram, 61-64 ; fire-engines, 64-69. 
Iron, detailed description of the manufacture of, 
137, 138. 
Iron bridges, description of various, 42-46. 
Jacks, 57. 
< 
Kingstown and Dalkey atmospheric railroad, the, 
35, 36. 
Klinker roads, 7. 
Kyanized wood, 19. 
Ladders, firemen’s, 68. 
Languedoc, the canal of, 49-51. 
Lapping machines, for cotton, 77, 78. 
Letestu, peculiarities of the pump constructed by, 
61 ; description of a fire-engine by, 65. 
Levels, methods of working, and tools used in the 
work, 115-121. 
Limmat, the, wooden bridge over, 41. 
Locks, the construction of, 51-54. 
Locomotives, the early, 12; general features of, 
24; arrangement and construction of the differ- 
ent parts of, 24-26; the tender, 26, 27; de- 
scription of Stephenson’s locomotive with vari- 
able expansion, 27, 28; improvement in the 
construction of, by Norris of Philadelphia, 28. 
Loom, the old European, 97; the improved 
power-loom, 97-99. 
Macadamized roads, 7, 8. 
Menai straits, the, bridges over, 45, 46. 
Metallurgy, 131; general preparation of ores, 
131, 132; roasting, 132; furnaces, 133-136 ; 
chemical metallurgic apparatus, 136, 137 ; 
working iron, 137-139. 
Mill-stones, 74. 
Mills, various motive powers employed for, 69 ; 
vertical water-wheels, 69-71 ; horizontal water- 
wheels, 71, 72 ; grinding-mills, 72-74. 
Miner, the, various tools employed by, 110. 
Minerals, layers or beds of, 106 ; veins, 107. 
Mining, introductory remarks upon, 106; experi- 
mental works, 107-110 ; mining for ore—blast- 
ing and other methods of detaching rocks, 110- 
113 ; mining at the surface, 113-115; drifts or 
levels—methods of working, 115-121; sinking 
of shafts—shaft timbering and masonry, 121- 
124; working the mines, 124, 125 ; ventilation 
and illumination of mines, 126-128 ; transport 
of ores to the surface, 128, 129 ; drainage of 
mines, 129, 130. 
Money, metallic, the fabrication of, 104, 105; 
paper, 105. 
Mule, the, and mule spinning, 87, 89-96. 
770 

Navigation, inland, 46 et seq. 
Neat cattle, 149-151. 
Nets, various kinds of, 157, 158. 
Newcastle, the coal region of, 107. 
Norris, William, his improvements in the con- 
struction of locomotives, 28. 
Ores, methods of transporting to the surface of 
“mines, 128; the general preparation of, 131, 
132 ; the roasting, 132; the smelting, 132-136. 
Ouse, the, wooden bridge over, 41. 
Ox, the, as a farming animal, 149, 150. 
Paper money, 105. 
Paris, the Carrousel bridge at, 44. 
Pavements, stone, 3, 4; wooden, 4, 5. 
Peat, methods of digging, 114, 115. 
Pesth, suspension bridge over the Danube at, 
45 
Picking machines, for cotton, 75, 76. 
Piers, the construction of, 38. 
Pile-driving, 38. 
Planes, inclined, various methods of overcoming, 
on railway routes, 32, 33. 
Planting machines, 143. 
Ploughs, description of various, 141, 142. 
Polonceau, peculiar construction of iron bridges 
invented by, 44. 
Pontifex, fire-engine constructed by, 65, 66. 
Power-loom, the, 97-99. 
Puddling, the operation so called, 49. 
Pumps, suction or lift, forcing, and double action, 
59-61. 
Railroads, brief historical review of, 11, 12; the 
location of, 12-14; the grading, 14-17; the 
superstructure, 17-23 ; stations, 23, 24 ; loco- 
motives, 24-28; passenger cars, 28-31; in- 
clined planes, 32-34 ; suspended railroads, 34 ; 
atmospheric, 34-36; viaduct on the North 
Shields and Newcastle railroad, 41. 
Rails, the supports and fastenings of, 17-20; 
cast and wrought iron, 18, 19 ; requisites of 
good, 19 ; form, weight, and length of, 19, 20; 
laying of, and distance between, 21 ; sidings 
or turn-outs, and switches, 21, 22. 
Ram, the hydraulic, 61-64. 
Repsold’s fire-engine, 66. 
Reservoir, the, of the canal of Languedoe, at St. 
Ferreol, 51—at Lampy, ib.; of the Croton 
aqueduct, 55, 56. 
Roads, the construction of, 2; reads of the Ro- 
mans, 2,3; the grading of, 6,7; laying out 
of, 7; draining, ib. ; materials for road-cover- 
ing, 7,8, road-rollers, 8. 
Rollers, cast-iron, for roads, 8. 
Ronchamp, the coal strata of, 107. 
Root crops, 145. 
Roving-frames, 83-87 ; completion of the rovings, 
87-9. 
Safety-lamps, 128. 
Salt mines, the, of Wieliczka, 131. 
Sand-bath furnaces, 136. 
Schefer’s road-roller, 8. 
Schaffhausen, wooden bridge at, 40, 41. 
Schattenmann’s road-roller, 8. 
Schuylkill, the, wooden bridge over, 41, 42. 
Scutching machines, 77. 
Severn, the, iron bridges over, 43. 
Shafts, the sinking of, 121; the timbering, 121+ 
123 ; shaft masonry, 123, 124. 
