99 BOTANY. 
The vernation then may be reclinate (a); circinate (g); conduplicate (b) ; 
plicate or plaited (c); convolute or supervolute (d); involute (e); revolute ( f). 
With regard to the combination of leaves in a bud, they may be valvate (h); 
embricated, twisted, or spiral (i); induplicate (k, l); equitant (m); half- 
equitant or obvolute (n). 
In some plants with a shortened axis, the lateral buds produce long 
branches. Such are the runners of the strawberry. 
A leaf bud may be subterranean as well as aerial. Some plants, as 
asparagus, with a perennial subterranean stem, have this terminated by a 
bud, which, elongating, makes its appearance above the ground, and finally 
developes aerial branches, leaves, and flowers. The young shoot of this 
character is called a ¢turio. The potatoe is a thickened stem with leaf buds 
which may develope both aerial and subterranean branches: the former decay 
annually ; the latter, as ¢wbers, remain in the soil. A bulb is a subterranean 
bud. <A corm (see p. 11) is an elongated bud with the scales reduced to thin 
membranes. Bulbs and corms contain a supply of starch and other matters 
for the sustenance of the young plant. 
2. OrGans oF REPRODUCTION. 
The reproductive organs are to be found in the flower, the most important 
parts of which are the stamens and pistils. When these organs are con- 
spicuous and definite, the plant is called phanerogamous ; when they are 
concealed or unconspicuous, cryptogamous. Exogens and endogens belong to 
the former, acrogens and thallogens to the latter. The flowér, however, in all 
its parts, is to be considered only as modified leaves. 
The arrangement of the flowers in the axis is known as inflorescence or 
anthotaris. 'The anatomical distinction between the leaf and the flower 
bud has already been referred to. The flower bud, like the leaf bud, is pro- 
duced in the angle of leaves, here called bracts or floral leaves. The general 
axis along which the flowers or their buds are arranged is called the rachis ; 
the stalk supporting a flower is the peduncle ; peduncles lateral or secondary 
to this are called pedicels. A flower provided with a stalk is pedunculate or 
pedicellate ; if without one, sessile. A more philosophical distinction is 
into primary floral axis (rachis), secondary axis (peduncles), tertiary axis 
(pedicels), &ec. 
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