26 BOTANY. 
-penta-petalous corolla. A corolla, with more than one separate petal, is 
known generally as polypetalous ; it is gamopetalous or monopetalous when 
the petals are united. The adhesion extends, in greater or less degree, from 
the base to the apex. When the petals are similar and equal in size, the 
corolla is regular; otherwise, irregular. In monopetalous corolle, the 
claws or inferior parts of the petals are usually united into a tube, crowned 
by the limb, as in the calyx; the two portions are separated by the 
throat. 
In REGULAR POLYPETALOUsS corollas we vee the rosaceous, with five 
spreading petals, without claws, and arranged as in the strawberry; the 
caryophyllaceous, with five petals, with long, narrow, tapering claws, as in 
the pink; the alsinaceous, where the claws are broader, with distinct spaces 
between the petals ; cruciform, having four, often unguiculate petals, placed 
opposite to each other, as in a cross (seen in the Cruciferz). 
Among IRREGULAR POLYPETALOUS corollas the most striking is the papi- 
lionaceous, usually with five petals, one superior (or posterior) and larger than 
the rest, called the verillum ; two lateral, called ale ; and two inferior (or 
anterior), partly or entirely covered by the ale; often united into a single 
piece, called the carina, or keel. 
Req@utar GamoreTaLous Coroutuas. These are campanulate, or bell- 
shaped; infundibuliform, or funnel-shaped; hypocrateriform, or -salver- 
shaped, where there is a straight tube, surmounted by a flat spreading limb ; 
tubular, with a long cylindrical tube, apparently continuous with the limb ; 
rotate, where the tube is very short, and the limb spreading. 
IRREGULAR GAMOPETALOUS CoROLLaAs. Conspicuous among these is the 
labiate corolla, having two divisions of the hmb, in the form of labia or 
lips, the upper lip usually composed of two pieces, the lower of three, and 
separated by a hiatus. ‘The parts of the calyx follow the reverse order. 
When the upper lip of a dabiate corolla is much arched, and the lips separated 
by a distinct gap, it is called ringent. When the lower lip is pressed 
against the upper, so as to leave a mere rictus between them, the corolla is 
personate or masked; the projecting portion of the lower lip is called the 
palate. When a tubular corolla is split up, so as to form a strap-like process 
on one side, with several tooth-like projections at the apex, it becomes hgulate, 
or strap-shaped. 
What are sometimes called nectaries in flowers, are most generally mere 
modifications of the corolla or stamens. Sometimes they are constituted by 
the separation of a layer from the inner side of a petal, which may be known 
by their being opposite to the segments of the latter. This process is called 
unlining, or deduplication. 
The calyx and corolla, as just considered, constitute merely the external 
envelopes of the flower, and may be absent without vitiating the fertility of 
the plant. The essential organs of reproduction are the stamens and the 
pistil. The latter, as the female organ, includes the ovary in which the 
seeds are to be produced, while the former, supplying the functions of a 
male, furnish a seminal matter to fertilize the ovules of the pistil. The 
production of a perfect and reproducing seed requires that both be present. 
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