BOTANY. 47 
A. Torrip Zone. 
1. EauaroriaL Zone. 0°—15°. Mean annual temperature 785°—824° 
F., characterized by the greatest size and variety of forms, with the most bril- 
liant colors and exquisite odors, primitive forests with gigantic trees, and 
climbing plants. The characteristic forms are Palms, Bananas, Arborescent 
Grasses, Pandanus, Scitaminex, Orchids, Lianas, and Epiphytes ; also, plants 
belonging to Cedrelacez, Sapindacez, Czesalpineze, Malvacez, Anonacee, 
Anacardiz, Artocarpez, Lecythidaceze, Malpighiacez, &c. 
2. THe Tropica Zonr. 15°—23°. Mean temperature 73$°—782° F. 
Summer temperature 805°—86°; winter temperature in the eastern coast 
countries 59°. Palms, Musacez, Scytaminex, Meliaceze, Arborescent Ferns, 
Orchidacez, Aracez, and Lianas. Plains with Melastomacez and gen- 
tians in the New World. Forests of mangrove and figs in the Old 
World. 
B. TEMPERATE ZONE. 
38. Suprropican Zone. 23°—34°. Mean temperature 621°—711°; 
mean summer temperature 735°—825°: winters mild and vegetation green 
throughout the year. 
Northern hemisphere. Old World: Pancratia, Dracaenz, Bananas, Palms 
(Crucifera thebaica, Phenix dactylifera, Chamerops humilis), Ficus 
sycamorus, Cordia, Cissus, Capparis, Melia, Camellia, Euphorbiacez, Pista- 
cia, Bauhinia. New World: Arborescent grasses, Tillandsia on Pinus, 
Taxodium, Quercus, Populus, Laurus sassafras, Myrica, Diosphyros, Mag- 
nolia, Liriodendron, Calycanthus, and climbmg Bignonias. 
Southern hemisphere. New Holland: Anthistiria australis and Polygo- 
num junceum. Yorests of Eucalyptus, Cycadez, Xanthorrhea, Callitris, 
Casuarma, Proteaceze, Dilleniacez,. Papilionaceze and Mimosas, Terrestrial 
Orchidez, Stylidia and Goodenia. South Africa: Cycadex, Restiacee, 
Juncacez, Irideze, Composite, Erica, Podocarpus elongatus, with Ascle- 
piadez and Bryonia, Mesembryanthemum and Epiphytes. La Plata: shrubs 
with leathery leaves ; woody Composite, Cestrum, Colletia, Fuchsia, Myrtles, 
and Papilionaceze embraced by Mutisia, Bignoniaceze, Cuscuta, and Loasa- 
eex. Abundant in Loranthacez, Cactaces, Liliacez, and arborescent 
grasses. 
4. WarMeR TemMPERATE Zone. 34°—45°. Mean temperature 5310— 
625°. Summer temperature in North America 77°; in Europe 754°—68° ; 
in eastern Asia, 824°. Winter temperature in America 44$°—323°; in 
Europe 50°—342°; in eastern Asia 263°. 
Northern hemisphere. Evergreen trees with vines, Bignonias, and spinous 
roses, Quercus, Fagus, Castanea, Platanus, Laurus, Fraxinus, Acer, Juglans, 
Myrtus, Gleditschia, Vaccinium, Viburnum tinus, Arbutus uredo and 
andrachne, Smilacese, Aster, Solidago, Labiate, Cistinese, Caryophyllee. 
Meadows are of rarer occurrence. 
Southern hemisphere. New Zealand: Cordyline australis, Phorminm 
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