BOTANY. 5] 
Forests of Oak, Beech, and Maple, with Ternstroemia, Euphorbiacex, and 
Melastomacex, many Conifer. 
6. Region of Abietinea. 
9500 to 11,400 feet high. Temperature, 51.8° F. Corresponds to the 
subarctic zone. 
In the Peruvian Andes, instead of Coniferze there occur Escallonize, Win- 
tera granatensis, and Andromede, with Swertia. In the Mexican plateaus, 
in addition to the Abietinez, there are forests of Oak and Yucca, Tillandsia 
and Cactacex, with Stevia arenaria, Ranunculus, and Astragalus. 
7. Region of Alpine Shrubs, or of Rhododendronna. 
11,400 to 18,300 feet high. Temperature 44.6° F. Corresponds to the 
arctic zone. 
No trees, only shrubs ; Rhododendrons, Astragalus, Befaria, Cactus, 
Calceolaria. 
8. Region of Alpine Plants. 
13,300 to 15,200 feet high. Temperature, 374° to 394° F. Corresponds 
to the polar zone. 
In the northern Cordilleras, Composite, Mimulus, Calceolaria, Sida, 
Lupinus ; in the southern, Lecidea geographica, grasses, Plantago, Gentiana, 
Befaria, Mullinsia, Epilobium. In the mountains of Java, Valeriana, 
Gentiana, Viola, Ranunculus, Potentilla, Draba, Primula, Salix, Astragalus, 
Phyteuma, &c. 
Pl. 73, fig. 1, presents a general view of those cultivated plants, which 
furnish the principal articles of food and medicine: the various Cerealia 
Cacao, Sugar, Coffee, Tea, Cinnamon, Pepper, Nutmeg, Vanilla, Clove, 
Cotton, and Peruvian Bark. Fig.2 is a more detailed exhibition of the 
Chinese and East Indian region of cotton, tea-plant, cinnamon tree, pepper, 
&c. Fig. 3 is a special chart of the region of the sugar-cane, coffee, and 
cacao tree, of tea, vanilla, &c., in the West Indies and South America, 
The remaining four figures present to us the vertical distribution of plants. 
Fig. 4 represents this distribution in the temperate zone of Asia. From the 
foot of the Himalayas to the middle of the region, between 3 and 4, no snow 
occurs; and up to a point halfway between 4 and 5, the snow vanishes 
before the rainy season, and the tropical herbaceous plants cease to exist. 
Oaks are found at 4. Rhododendrons at 6, &c. At a height from 1 to a 
region between B and 4, we find first the dwarf palm, higher up the long- 
leaved fig, Shorea robusta, and finally oaks. Between C and D is the region 
of sugar plantations ; between D and H, that of the Deodora Cedar ; between 
EK and F are found wheat, walnut, and almond trees, &c.; between F and 
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