56 BOTANY. 
NatTurRaAaL SysTEM ACCORDING TO De CANDOLE. 
A. CryptTocamus ork CELLULAR FLOWERLESS PLANTS. 
Class 1. Acotyledons or Acrogene. 
Sub-Class 1. Amphigame, Thallogenz, or Cellulares : entirely cellular. 
. 2. Adtheogame, or Cormogene : having vascular tissue. 
B. PHANEROGAMOUS OR VASCULAR FLOWERING PLANTS. 
Class 2. Monocotyledons, or Endogene. 
Sub-Class 1. Glumacez. Floral envelopes imbricated, leaves parallel- 
veined. 
2. Petaloidez or Floridez. Floral envelopes, verticillate leaves, 
parallel veined. 
a. Unisexual, often achlamydeous. 
b. Hermaphrodite, ovary free. 
c. Hermaphrodite, ovary adherent. 
3. Dictyogenze. Floral envelopes verticillate, leaves reticulated. 
Class 3. Dicotyledones or Erogene. 
Peta a Sub-Class 1. Monochlamydee. A calyx only, or none. 
single a. Gymnosperme. Seeds naked, See — 
perianth, b. Angiosperme. Seeds in an ovary, P e peas 
( Monopatele of 
4 
l 
Having Calyx f « 2. Corollifloree. Petals united, bearing the stamens, Ieee 
and Corolla | 
Dichlamydee. “ 3. Calyciflore. Petals distinct, stamens perigynous Polypetale of 
e 4. Thalamiflore. “ i “  hypogynous Jussieu. 
Before proceeding to the more particular consideration of the orders of 
the system, we shall make a brief reference to the more usual symbols and 
abbreviations as used in botanical descriptions. 
The authorities for genera and species are given by adding the abbre- 
viated name of the botanist who described them. Thus, Veronica L. is 
the genus Veronica as defined by Linneus; Veronica arvensis L. is a cer- 
tain species of Veronica, defined by the same author; Oxytropis DC. is 
the genus as defined by De Candolle. It is usual in descriptive works to 
sive a list of the authors, and the symbols for their names. The abbre- 
Viation v. s. sp., means vidi siccam spontaneam, or that the author has seen 
a dried wild specimen of the plant; v. s. c. means vidi siccam cultam, or 
that he has seen a dried cultivated specimen; v. v. s. means vidi vivam 
56 
