BOTANY. nh 
the hard albumen of the fruit of Phytelephas macrocarpa, known as vegetable 
ivory, is used for the same purposes as true ivory. 
The tribes into which the Family of Palme is divided are: 1. Arecinea. 
Examples: Euterpe, Oreodoxa, Areca, Morenia, Iriartia, Caryota, &c. 2. 
Lepidocaryinee, of two subdivisions, one with pinnate leaves embracing 
Calamus, Sagus, Metroxylon, &c., the other with the leaves fan-shaped, 
Mauritia and Lepidocaryum. 3. Borassinee ; (a, Leaves pinnate) Borassus, 
Lodoicea, Latania, Douma, &c.; (b, leaves flabelliform) Vouay, Iguanura, 
Geonoma, &c. 4. Coryphinee ; sub-tribe a. Sabalinee, Corypha, Brahea, 
Copernicia, Sabal, Chameerops, &c.; sub-tribe b. Phanicinee. Examples : 
Phoenix. 5. Cocoinee. Examples: Desmoncus, Guilielma, Acrocomia, 
Astrocaryum, Attalea, Eleis, Cocos, Maximiliana, Syagrus, &c. 
Pl. 56, fig. 2. Phoenix dactylifera or date palm: a, spadix: 6, male 
flowers; c, female flowers; d (e in the plate), a single female flower ; e, an- 
ther; f, a male flower; g, the three pistils; A, the fruit; 2, a section of fruit. 
Pl. 56, fig. 1. Cocos nucifera or cocoa-nut; a, pinnula; 6, portion of the 
spadix in its spatha; c, portion of the spadix; d, the nut; e, the same in 
longitudinal sections excepting the nucleus ; f, g, h, various parts of the fruit ; 
i, the germ; k-s, various parts of the flowers. 
Pl. 56, fig. T. Areca catechu, or areca palm. Fig. 3. The sago palm, 
Sagus farinifera; a, a portion of the spadix; 6, a fruit in its natural position ; 
e and d, the fruit in transverse and longitudinal sections; e and jf, male 
flowers ; g—m, female flowers. 
OrpeR 20. Juncace#, the Rushes. Perianth six-parted, more or *less 
glumaceous. Stamens six, inserted into the base of the segments, sometimes 
three, and opposite the outer segments ; anthers two-celled, introrse. Ovary 
one- to three-celled; ovules 1, 3, or many in each cell, anatropal; style 
one; stigmas generally three, sometimes one. [Fruit a three-valved cap- 
sule, with loculicidal dehiscence, sometimes indehiscent. Seeds with the 
testa neither black nor crustaceous; embryo very minute, near the hilum, 
within fleshy or cartilaginous albumen. Herbs with fasciculated or fibrous 
roots, hollow, grooved, or flat leaves, with parallel veins. They are natives 
chiefly of the colder regions of the globe. Many species of Juncus are 
used for making the bottoms of chairs, mats, &c., and the central cellular 
tissue forms the wicks of candles. There are fourteen known genera, and 
upwards of two hundred species. Examples: Juncus, Luzula, Narthecium, 
Astelia. 
Luzula pilosa or wood rush (pl. 57, fig. 2), an American species; a, the 
plant in two pieces; 6, an open, flower; ¢, the fruit; d, the fruit opened show- 
ing the seeds; e, a single seed. 
OrDER 21. XyripacEe#, the Yellow-eyed Grass Family. Perianth six- 
parted, in two verticils; the outer glumaceous, the inner petaloid. Stamens 
six, three fertile, inserted into the claws of the inner perianth; anthers ex- 
trorse. Ovary single, one-celled ; ovules 00, orthotropal, attached to parietal 
placentas ; style trifid; stigmas obtuse, multifid or undivided. Fruit a one- 
celled, three-valyed capsule. Seeds numerous; embryo on the outside of 
mealy albumen, remote from the hilum. Herbs, having a sedge-like aspect, 
77 
