BOTANY. 9] 
OrperR 42. GArRyAcEa, the Garrya Family. Flowers unisexual, amen- 
taceous. Male flowers, perianth of four parts, stamens four, alternate 
with the segments of the perianth. Female flowers, perianth superior, two- 
toothed ; ovary unilocular; ovules two; pendulous on short funiculi ; 
styles two. Fruit baccate, indehiscent. Seeds two; embryo minute, at the 
base of fleshy albumen. North American shrubs, with opposite, exstipulate 
leaves. The male plants of Garrya elliptica are commonly cultivated in 
shrubberies, and are prized for their peculiar silky catkins. Lindley 
associates with this order the Helwingiacez, which agree in their unisexual 
flowers, adherent fruit, pendulous ovules, minute embryo, at the base of the 
solid albumen. There are two known genera, and six species. Example: 
Garrya. 
Orver 43. JuaLanpace®, the Walnut Family. Flowers unisexual. 
Male flowers amentaceous : perianth membranous, oblique ; irregularly-lobed, 
with a scaly bract. Stamens definite or 00: filaments short, free ; anthers 
dithecal, erect. Female flowers in terminal clusters, or in loose racemes, 
with separate or united bracts: perianth, single or double, the outer three- 
or five-parted, inner, when present, in minute separate pieces. Ovary adherent 
to the perianth, one-celled; ovule solitary, erect, orthotropal; styles one 
or two, very short; stigmas two or four, fringed or sessile discoid, and 
four-lobed. Fruit a drupe, sometimes with an adherent involucre ; endocarp 
bony, two-valved, or valveless, two- or four-celled at the base, and one-celled 
at the apex, with partial dissepiments. Seed exalbuminous, two- or four- 
lobed, with a membranaceous testa; embryo large; cotyledons fleshy, oily, 
and sinuous; radicle superior. Trees with alternate, pimnated leaves, having 
neither dots nor stipules. Examples: Juglans, Carya, Engclhardtia, and 
Pterocarya. 
The plants of this family are chiefly North American, where they are 
represented by one genus (Carya) peculiar to the country, and another 
(Juglans) which possesses one European species. The fruit of Carya, 
known as hickory nuts, shell barks, Pecan nuts, &c., is highly prized as an 
article of food, while the timber is of exceedingly great value. The Walnut 
and Butternut, or white Walnut, belong to the genus Juglans; the wood of 
the former species is hardly surpassed as a beautiful material for cabinet 
ware. The bark of Juglans cinerea, or butternut, is a valuable medicinal 
agent. 
Juglans regia, English walnut (European) (pl. T1, fig. 4); a, branch with 
male catkins and female flowers; b, male flowers on a scale; c, a male 
flower enlarged; d, female flower; ec, vertical section of ditto; f, fruit with 
part of the hull removed; g, longitudinal section. 
Orver 44. AmentTacre#, the Catkin Family. Flowers unisexual. Male 
flowers capitate or in catkins (amenta), sometimes with a membranous 
perianth. Female flowers, clustered, solitary, or in catkins. Stamens varying 
from one to twenty, distinct or monadelphous; anthers dithecal. Ovary 
usually simple; stigmas one or more. Fruit membranous, or bony, or 
drupaceous, indehiscent or dehiscent. Seeds solitary or numerous, erect or 
pendulous, usually exalbuminous ; embryo straight or curved ; radicle mostly 
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