BOTANY. 97 
palatable milky juice, as in the Cow-tree of Demerara (Galactodendron utile). 
The celebrated Bohun-upas poison of Java is obtained from Antiaris toxi- 
caria. 
Sub-order 2. Moree, the Mulberry Tribe. Trees or shrubs, with milky or 
yellow juice, alternate leaves with deciduous stipules convolute in the bud, 
and the flowers spiked on (or inclosed in) a receptacle, becoming succulent 
in fruit. Styles or stigmas two. Seed amphitropous, with a curved embryo 
in copious albumen. Natives of temperate and tropical regions. The princi- 
pal plants of this tribe are the figs and the mulberries. The common fig 
is the fruit of Ficus carica. F. indica is the well known Banyan tree of 
India, and F. religiosa the Pippul tree of the same country. Large quanti- 
ties of caoutchouc are derived from F’. elastica. FF’. sycamorus is probably 
the sycamore of the Scriptures. The genus Morus has numerous repre- 
sentatives, only one of which is indigenous to the United States. This is 
M. rubra or the red mulberry. M. nigra or the European black mul- 
berry is the sycamine of the Bible. Morus alba or white mulberry (of 
which M. multicaulis is a variety), the favorite food of the silkworm, is 
‘partly naturalized in the United States. The Paper mulberry (Broussonetia 
papyrifera), in some favor in this country as a shade tree, is so called from 
the fact of a kind of paper being made from the inner bark, in its native 
country, Japan. Maclura aurantiaca, the Osage Orange, or Bois Ware of 
the South West, is used for hedges. Fustic is obtained from Maclura 
tinctoria. 
Sub-order 3. Ulmacee, the Elm Tribe. Rough-leaved trees or shrubs ; 
filaments erect in zestivation ; fruit one- to two-celled, samaroid or drupaceous ; 
seed pendulous, usually exalbuminous; embryo straight or curved; juice 
watery. Natives of the northern and mountainous parts of Kurope, Asia, and 
America. This tribe is represented in the United States by the genera Ul- 
mus and Celtis. The slippery or red Elm is Ulmus fulva, well known for its 
mucilaginous bark. Celtis crassifolia, Hackberry or sugar berry, is a tree 
which sometimes attains to a large size. . 
Sub-order 4. Cannabinee, the Hemp Tribe. Herbs with watery juice, 
mostly opposite stipulated leaves, and dicecious flowers, the sterile racemed 
or panicled. Styles two. Seeds orthotropous. Embryo curved without 
albumen. Occur chiefly in temperate regions. Examples: Humulus and 
Cannabis. Humulus lupulus, the common Hop, is indigenous both in Europe 
and America. The hemp fibre is obtained from Cannabis sativa. A variety 
called C. indica is used in India to produce intoxication. The Haschisch 
of the Arabians consists of the dried tops and other tender parts of this 
variety. 
Sub-order 5. Urticee, the true Nettle Tribe. Rough-leaved plants, often 
with stinging hairs, filaments elastic, and curved in estivation; fruit an 
‘indehiscent nut; seed erect, albuminous; embryo straight; juice watery. 
They are widely seattered over the globe, and many of them follow the 
footsteps of man in his migrations. The principal representatives of this 
family in the United States are Urtica, Pilea, Boehmeria, Parietaria. Many 
species of Urtica, as U. urens or common nettle, have stinging hairs. Some 
ICONOGRAPHIC ENCYCLOPADIA.—VOL, II. 7 97 
