112 BOTANY. 
simple; embryo straight, in the axis of mealy albumen; radicle superior. 
Herbs or undershrubs, with alternate or fasciculate exstipulate leaves, some- 
what sheathing at the base; flowers panicled or capitate. They inhabit the 
sea-shore and salt marshes, chiefly in temperate regions. There are two sections 
of this order: 1. Plumbaginez, with a synpetalous corolla and connate styles. 
2. Staticeze, with a pentapetalous corolla and distinct style. Lindley mentions 
eight genera and one hundred and sixty species. Examples: Plumbago, 
Statice, Armeria. 
Plumbago europea, Toothwort, Southern Europe ( pl. 60, 61, fig. 9): a, upper 
part of the plant ; b, portion of a leaf magnified; c, calyx magnified ; d, section 
of flower tube; e, stamens and pistil; f, anther magnified; 2, section of the 
ovary showing the ovule with its long funiculus. * 
OrvdER 81. PRrimuLacea#, the Primrose Family. Calyx rarely four-cleft, 
inferior, or half superior, regular persistent. Corolla monopetalous, hypo- 
gynous, rarely perigynous, with the limb five- rarely four-cleft, sometimes 0. 
Stamens inserted on the corolla, equal in number and opposite to its segments. 
Ovary free, rarely adherent to the base of the calyx, one-celled ; ovules 00, 
amphitropal; style one; stigma capitate. Fruit a capsule, opening with 
valves, or with a lid. Seeds numerous, peltate, attached to a free central 
placenta ; embryo straight, inclosed within fleshy albumen, and lying across 
the hilum. Herbaceous plants, with leaves usually opposite, and frequently 
radical, exstipulate ; flowers on simple or umbellate scapes. They are natives 
chiefly of temperate and cold regions in the northern hemisphere ; some occur 
in elevated stations in warm countries. 
Sub-order 1. Primulee. Pod entirely free from the calyx, opening by 
valves. Examples: Primula, Dodecatheon, Trientalis, Lysimachia, Cyela- 
men, &c. 
Sub-order 2. Anagallidee. Pod free from the calyx, opening all round by 
a transverse line, the top falling off by a id. Example: Anagallis. 4 
Sub-order 3. Samolee. Pod half adherent to the calyx. Example: 
Samolus. : 
Sub-order 4. Hotoniee. Pod opening by valves. Seeds fixed by the base, 
anatropous. Example: Hottonia. | 
All the genera above enumerated are found in the United States, except 
Cyclamen. This is known in Europe as sow-bread, on account of the 
partiality shown to the tuberoid, partly subterraneous stems, by hogs. The 
cowslip and the primrose are respectively Primulea veris and vulgaris; the 
oxlip P. elatior. 
Anagallis arvensis, Pimpernel, indigenous in Europe, introduced into Ame- 
rica (pl. 60, 61, fig. 10): a, the plant; b, the calyx magnified; ¢, portion of 
the corolla magnified; d, stamen; e, pistil; f, pod, showing the manner of 
opening ; g, a seed magnified ; h, transverse section of ditto. 
Lysimachia vulgaris, Loose-strife, Europe (pl. 60, 61, fig. 13): a, branch 
with flowers; 6, extremity of calyx-lobe magnified; c, stamens; d, capsule 
in the calyx; e, a seed; f and g, transverse and longitudinal section of 
ditto. 
Cyclamen europzeum, Sow-bred (p/. 60, 61, fig. 12): a, the plant; 3, 
112 
