BOTANY. 113 
calyx and pistil; c, a portion of the corolla, with two stamens; d, a stamen 
magnified ; e, cross-section of the anther; /, vertical section of the ovary; g, 
pericarp; h, a seed magnified. 
Dodecatheon integrifolium, American cowslip, United States (pl. 60, 61, 
jig. 11): a, lower part of the plant; b, scape; c, stamens separated ; d, pistil ; 
e, fruit. 
Orver 82. LenrTipuLaRiAce®, the Bladder-wort Family. Calyx inferior, 
divided, persistent. Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous, irregular, bilabiate, 
usually spurred. Stamens two, inserted into the base of the corolla, and 
included; anthers monothecal, sometimes contracted in the middle. Ovary 
free, composed of two carpellary leaves, unilocular; ovules 00, anatropal ; 
placenta free, central; style one, very short; stigma bilamellar. Fruit a one- 
celled capsule, dehiscing transversely, or by an apicilar cleft. Seeds numer- 
ous, minute, exalbuminous; embryo sometimes undivided; radicle next the 
Iilum. Aquatic or marsh herbaceous plants, with radical leaves, which are 
sometimes compound, and bear little bladders or ampulle. Flowers often on 
scapes. They are found in all parts of the world, and abound in the tropics. 
Lindley enumerates four genera, including one hundred and seventy-three 
species. Examples: Utricularia, Pinguicula. 
Orver 83. AcantHace®, the Acanthus Family. Calyx with four or five 
divisions, equal or unequal, occasionally multifid, or entire and cbsolete, 
persistent. Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous, usually irregular, with the 
limb ringent or bilabiate, or rarely unilabiate, sometimes nearly equal, 
deciduous. Stamens inserted on the corolla, usually two, sometimes four, 
didynamous, the shorter ones being occasionally sterile; anthers one- or 
two-celled. with longitudinal dehiscence. Disk glandular. Ovary free, 
two-celled; placentas adhering to the axis; ovules two cr more in each 
cell, curved ; style one; stigma two-lobed, rarely entire. Fruit a_ two- 
celled capsule, dehiscing by two elastic valves, in a loculicidal manner. 
Seeds two or many im each cell, sometimes solitary, roundish, attached to 
hard, persistent, hooked or subulate, ascending processes of the placenta; 
testa loose; albumen 0: embryo curved or straight; cotyledons large, 
leafy; radicle cylindrical, next the hilum. Herbaceous plants or shrubs, 
with opposite, exstipulate, simple leaves, and bracteated flowers, two or three 
large leafy bracts accompanyimg each flower. They abound in tropical 
regions. ‘Ihe order has been divided into three tribes by Nees d’Esenbeck, as 
follows :— 
Tribe 1. Thanbergiee: placental processes, in the form of a hard cup 
supporting the seed. Example: Thunbergia. 
ribe 2. Nelsoniew: placental processes contracted into a papilla, bearing 
the small and pitted seed. Example: Nelsonia. 
Tribe 3. Echmatacanthi. — Placental processes hooked. Of this tribe 
there are seven sections. 1. Hygrophiles. Example: Hygrophila. 2. 
Ruellice. Fxamples: Dipteracanthus, Ruellia. 8. Barleriee. Example: 
Barleria. 4. Acanthee. Example: Blepharis. 5. Justicice. Example: 
Justicia. 6. Diclipteree. Example: Blechum. 7. Andrographidea. 
ICONOGRAPHIC ENCYCLOP#DIA.—VOL. Il. 8 113 
