116 BOTANY. 
at the base; zstivation imbricate. In the bud, the flowers are regular. Sta- 
mens usually 4, didynamous, rarely 5, sometimes 2; anthers bilocular or 
unilocular by abortion or adhesion. Ovary free, two-celled; ovules usually 
00; style simple; stigma two-lobed, rarely entire. Fruit capsular, rarely 
fleshy, dicarpellary, two-celled, two- to four-valved, opening by septicidal 
or loculicidal dehiscence, rarely by pores or lids, the dissepiments becoming 
finally loose in the centre. Placentas attached to the dissepiment, and some- 
times in the mature fruit becoming central. Seeds definite or 00; embryo 
straight or slightly curved, dihaded within fleshy albumen. rats under- 
shrubs, or shr abs; with opposite, whorled, or alternate leaves. They are found 
generally distributed over the globe, both in cold and warm regions. The order 
‘ has been divided by Bentham into three sections : 
Sub-order 1. Salpiglossidec. Segments of the corolla equal with aflat 
cate or bilabiate zestivation, the biloped lip external. Inflorescence centrifugal. 
This suborder contains but a single tribe—l. Salpiglossee. Examples: 
Duboisia, Schizanthus. Principally South American. 
Sub-order 2.. Antirrhinidee. Corolla bilabiate, the bilobed lip external. 
Inflorescence centripetal or compound. T'ribe 2. Calceolariew. Example: 
Calceolaria. Tribe 38. Verbascea. Examples: Verbascum, Celsia. Tribe 
4. Hemimeridea. Examples: Alonsia, Colpias, &c. Tribe 5. Antirrhiniee 
Examples: Linaria, Antirrhinum. Tribe 6. Chelonea. Examples: Chelcne, 
Collinsia, Pentstemon, Scrophularia. Tribe 7. Escobediee. Uxamples: 
Alectra, Escobedia, &c. Tribe 8. Gratiolee.. Examples: Diplacus, Cono- 
beea, Gratiolo, Tlysanthus, Hemianthus, Herpestis. 
Sub-order 3. Rhinanthidee. Corolla bilabiate, the bilobed lip never ex- 
terior in zstivation. Inflorescence centripetal or compound. Tribe 9. Stvb- 
thorpiee. Examples: Sibthorpia, Limosella. 77ibe 10. Buddleica. Example: 
Bryodes. Tribe 11. Digitalea. Examples: Digitalis, Synthyris. Tribe 
12. Veronice. Example: Veronica. Tribe 13. Buchneree. Example: 
Buchnera. Tribe 14. Gerardiee. Examples: Seymeria, Gerardia. Tribe 
15. Huphrasiee. Examples: Castilleja, Schwalbea, Euphresia, Rhinanthus, 
Pedicularis, Melampyrum. 
Most of the above-mentioned genera have North American representatives. 
The entire order, according to Lindley, contains 176 genera and 1814 species. 
Some plants of the order are poisonous. The most important medicinal species 
is Digitalis purpurea, or Fox-glove. The common Mullein (Verbascum thap- 
sus) has been introduced into America from Europe, as also Linaria vulgaris, 
Toad-flax, an abundant yellow weed. 
Calceolaria corymbosa, Slipperwort (Chili) (pl. 62, fig. 9); ¢; calyx; d, 
vertical section of flower. 
Digitalis purpurea, purple Fox glove (Europe) (pl. 62, fig. 8); A, extremity 
of stalk ; B, central portion of do. ; a, inside of the flower (in part) magnified, 
with the stamens; b and c, anthers; d, calyx with pistil; e, seed vessel: f, 
do. burst open; g, do. in cross-section ; h, placenta; 7, seed; k, a seed magni- 
fied ; 7 and m, sections of do. 
WV eftaeet thapsus, Mullem (Europe) (pl. 62, fig. 10); 6, calyx; ¢, corolla 
with the five stamens; d, smooth stamen; e, hairy stamen. 
116 
