118 BOTANY. — 
Tribe 4. Solanee. Berry two-celled or more, or fruit dry, indehiscent. 
Examples ; Nicandra, Physalis, Solanum, Lycopersicum, Atropa, Capsicum, 
Mandragora, &c. 
B. Rectembryee. 
(Embryo straight, cotyledons foliaceous.) 
Tribe 5. Cestrinee. Berry bilocular. Example: Cestrum. 
Tribe 6. Vestiee. Capsule bilocular. Examples: Vestia, Sessea. 
Of the entire order, there are about sixty-six genera and 950 species. 
Many of these occur in the Americas. The general qualities of Solanaceze 
are narcotic, which, when developed to a great degree, impart highly poison-— 
ous properties. Some of these are Solanum dulcamara (Bittersweet), Atropa 
belladonna (Belladonna), Hyoscyamus niger (Henbane), Datura stramonium - 
(Jimson weed), Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco.) The most important plant of 
this order is the potatoe (Solanum tuberosum). This invaluable tuber 
is indigenous to the South American Cordilleras, whence it was brought 
to Europe, and ultimately distributed all over the world. It is now culti- 
vated in Europe as far north as Hammerfest in Lapland, lat. 71°., and in 
the Faroes, as also in the lower plateaus of India, in China, Japan, Australa- 
sia, and New Holland. The precise period of its introduction into Europe 
is unknown, towards the end of the sixteenth century in all probability ; 
it was first carried from Virginia to Ireland in 1586. Other species of 
Solanum (S. melongena, and ovigerum,) furnish the Melongena or egg plant. 
The Tomato is the fruit of Lycopersicum esculentum. As already mentioned, 
species of Nicotiana furnish tobacco. The one generally cultivated in the 
United States is N. tabacum; the best Havannah cigars are made from N. 
repanda. Syrian, Turkish, and Persian tobacco are furnished by different 
species. The mandrake of English authors is the forked root of Mandragora 
officinalis. The Cayenne peppers or Chillies are derived from species of 
Capsicum. 
Hyoscyamus niger, Henbane (Europe) (pl. 63, fig. 1); a, the corolla 
opened and reduced; 6, pistil; ¢, pericarp; d, cross-section of do.; e, a 
seed. 
- Nicotiana tabacum, Tobacco (pl. 62, fig. 11); A, top of the plant; B, an 
inferior and C a superior leaf; a, an opened flower; b, capsule; d, do. burst ; 
c, a cross-section of do. 
Datura stramonium, Jimson weed (corruption of Jamestown weed) (Hast 
Indies) (pl. 63, fig. 2); a, corolla opened; 5, pistil; c, cross-section of the 
pod; d, a seed magnified. 
Atropa belladonna, Belladonna (Europe) (pl. 63, fig. 3); a, expanded 
corolla; 6, anther; c, pistil; d, stigma magnified; e, fruit; f, cross-section 
of do. ; g, seed ; A, vertical section of do. 
Solanum dulcamara, Climbing nightshade (Europe) (pl. 63, fig. 4). 
Capsicum annuum, Cayenne pepper (South America) (pl. 63, fig. 5). 
Orver 89. BoraginAce#, the Borage Family. Calyx persistent, four- 
to five-divided. Corolla gamopetalous, hypogynous, usually regular, five-, 
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