122 ) BOTANY. 
both well-known plants, the former a climber, conspicuous for its showy 
crimson flowers, the latter a tree with large heart-shaped leaves. 
Jacaranda tomentosa, Mexico (pl. 63, fig. 9). | 
Bignonia leucoxylon, Antilles (pl. 63, fig. 10); a, the calyx; 3, ai 
of the corolla tube laid open; ¢, pistil; d, side of the stigma. 
Orprr 96. Genrranace®, the Gentian Family. Calyx gamosepalous, 
usually five-divided, sometimes four-, six-, eight-, or ten-divided, persistent. 
Corolla gamopetalous, hypogynous, usually regular and marcescent; limb 
sometimes fringed, divided into as many lobes as the calyx; estivation 
plaited or imbricate-twisted. Stamens inserted upon the corolla, alternate 
with its segments, and equal to them in number, some of them occasionally 
abortive. Ovary composed of two carpels, unilocular, or partially bilocular ;- 
ovules 00, anatropal ; style one, continuous; stigmas, one or two. Fruit, 
capsular or baccate, one-celled, usually bivalvular, with septicidal, or rarely 
loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds 00, small; embryo straight, minute, in the 
axis of soft, fleshy albumen; radicle next the hilum. Herbs, seldom shrubs, 
with opposite, rarely alternate, entire or divided, exstipulate leaves, which 
are often three- to five-ribbed. The plants of the order are distributed 
generally over the globe, inhabiting both cold and warm regions. They 
are rare in arctic and antarctic islands. They exhibit great varieties of 
colors, and many are highly prized for their beauty. 
Sub-order 1. Gentianee. Lobes of the corolla, twisted to the right in 
the bud, with the folds at the sinuses, when present, plaited. Leaves almost 
always opposite or whorled, entire, those of the stem sessile. Tribe 1 
Chironiee. Anthers without connective, with the cells opening by a slit, 
abbreviated into a pore. Examples: Chironia, Lapithea, &c. Tribe 2. 
Chloree. A connective. Style distinct, caducous. Examples: Sabbatia, 
Erythrea, &c. Tribe 3. Lisianthee. A connective. Style persistent, 
distinct from the double or simple stigmata. Tropical plants, almost 
exclusively American. Examples: Pagcea, Prepusa, &c. Tribe 4. 
Swertieg. A connective. Stigmata sessile or confluent with the persistent 
style. Plants inhabiting northern latitudes or the summits of mountains. 
Examples: Gentiana, Bartonia, Halenia, Frasera. 
Sub-order 2. Menyanthidee. Lobes of the corolla valvate in the bud, 
with the edges turned inwards. Stem-leaves alternate, petioled. Seed 
coat hard or bony. Plants growing in wet places. Examples: Menyanthes, 
Limnanthemum. | 
Sub-order 3. Obolariee. Lobes of the corolla imbricated in the bud. 
Leaves opposite, sessile. Ovules covering the whole inner surface of the 
ovary. Example : Obolaria. 
Lindley assigns 60 genera and about 450 species to the order 
Gentianaceze. Most of the genera indicated above have North American 
representatives. 
Gentiana pneumonanthe, common gentian, Europe (pl. 63, fig. 11): 
a, calyx; b, corolla displayed; c¢, capsule; d, a seed magnified; e, 
seed. 
Crver 97. Locganracex. Calyx, four- or five-leaved, with estivation 
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