126 BOTANY. 
of the filaments, sometimes 0; zstivation somewhat valvate. Stamens two 
(rarely four), alternate with the corolline segments; anthers dithecal, with 
longitudinal dehiscence. Disk 0. Ovary free, two-celled ; ovules in pairs, 
collateral or pendulous; style one, or 0; stigma entire or bifid. Fruit 
drupaceous, baccate or capsular, sometimes samaroid. Seeds often by 
abortion solitary ; albumen dense, fleshy, abundant; embryo straight, about 
half the length of the albumen ; cotyledons leafy ; radicle superior.. Trees 
or shrubs, with opposite leaves, which are either simple or compound. 
Found chiefly in temperate regions. They occur in North America, Asia, 
Europe, and New Holland. There are two sections of the order: 1. Olee, 
with a drupaceous or berried fruit. 2. Frazxinee, with a samaroid (winged) 
fruit. Lindley mentions twenty-four genera, including 130 species. 
Examples: Olea, Ligustrum, Chionanthus, Fraxinus, Syringa. 
The most important plant of this order is the olive, Olea europea, whose 
fruit yields olive oil by expression. The best oil comes from Provence and 
Florence. Castile soap is made from olive oil and soda. Potash and oil 
make a soft soap. A species (Olea americana) indigenous in the southern 
United States, is called devilwood. The so-called flowers of tea are, in 
part, the blossoms of Olea fragrans, a Chinese species. The Lilac, Syringa 
vulgaris, and the Privet, Ligustrum vulgare, belong to this order, and are 
both naturalized in some parts of the United States. Chionanthus or the 
Fringe tree is a very ornamental American species. The timber of 
Fraxinus or the ash, is highly valuable. 
Olea europea, the Olive (Europe) (pl. 62, fig. 3); a, a flower branch 
reduced ; b, a flower; c, pistil; d, vertical section of do.; e, do. of fruit ; 
fand g, sections of the nut; 4, embryo. 
Orper 101. Jasminacea, the Jessamine Family. Flowers ¥, calyx five- 
to eight-divided or toothed, persistent. Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous, 
regular, salver-shaped, five- to eight-divided ; estivation twisted or valvate. 
Stamens two, inserted on the corolla, included; anthers bilocular, with 
longitudinal dehiscence. Disk 0. Ovary free, two-celled; ovules erect, 
anatropal, one to four in each cell; style one; stigma two-lobed. Fruit a 
double berry, or a pyxidium, or a two-valved capsule. Seeds usually 
solitary, rarely in pairs, albuminous or exalbuminous; embryo straight ; 
radicle inferior. Shrubs, often with twining stems, and opposite or alternate, 
pinnate leaves. They abound chiefly in the tropical parts of India. They 
have frequently fragrant flowers which yield oils, and their leaves and roots 
are sometimes bitter. There are five genera and one hundred species. 
Examples: Jasminum, Nyctanthes, Bolivaria. Species of Jessamine 
(Jasminum) have become naturalized in the Southern States. 
Jasminum officinale (Southern Asia) (pl. 62, fig. 4); a, calyx; 0, corolla 
displayed. 
Orper 102. Myrstvacea, the Myrsine Family. Flowers hermaphrodite 
or occasionally unisexual. Calyx four- to five-cleft, persistent. Corolla 
monopetalous, hypogynous, four- to five-cleft, equal. Stamens four to five, 
inserted into the corolla, and opposite to its segments; filaments distinct, 
rarely united, sometimes 0, occasionally five sterile petaloid alternating 
126 
