BOTANY. 131 
Ericea. Cells many-seeded. Examples: Erica, Calluna. Tribe 3. 
Arbutee. Fruit, a berry or‘drupe. Examples: Arbutus, Arctostaphylos. 
Tribe 4. Andromedee. Fruit, a pod, opening loculicidally. Examples: 
Gautiera, Epigea, Andromeda, Clethra. Tribe 5. Rhodoree. Fruit, a 
pod, opening septicidally. Examples: Rhodora, Azalea, Rhododendron, 
Kalmia, Loiseleuria, Ledum, Leiophyllum. 
Sub-order 2. Pyrolee. Calyx free from the ovary; petals distinct, or 
nearly so; seeds with a very loose and cellular covering, much larger than 
the nucleus ; mostly herbaceous, with evergreen foliage. Examples: Pyrola, 
Chimaphila, Moneses. 
Sub-order 3. Monotropee. Flowers nearly as in sub-orders one and two, 
seeds as in three. Entirely destitute of green foliage, with the aspect of 
Beech drops. Examples: Pterospora, Hypopitys, Monotropa. 
The entire order includes about 52 genera and 880 species, many of 
which are ~North American. The true heaths are, however, entirely 
wanting in this continent. The heather of England is composed of Calluna 
vulgaris. The Rhododendrons, Azaleas, and Kalmias, of North America, 
are among her most showy plants. Kalmia latifolia, or common Laurel, is 
said to be poisonous to sheep, but not to deer and pheasants (Tetrao 
umbellus). Well authenticated cases exist of poisonous effects produced 
by eating these birds after they had devoured Laurel-buds. Gautiera 
procumbens, Tea-berry, or Wintergreen, is used to flavor candies and 
syrups. Chimaphila umbellata, or Pipsissiwa, has medicinal properties. 
Monotropa uniflora, or Indian pipe, is a singular plant, entirely white and 
fleshy, found in damp, rich woods. 
Erica filamentosa, Cape Heath, Cape of Good Hope (pl. 64, fig. 6); a, a 
flowering branch; 6, anther magnified ; c, pistil magnified. 
Ledum palustre, Marsh Tea, Northern Europe and America (pl. 64, fig. 5) ; 
a, a flowering branch; b, portion of lower surface of leaf magnified; c, 
calyx and sexual apparatus; d, stamen magnified; e, the stigma; f, open 
capsule magnified ; g, cross-section of ditto; h, seeds on the placenta; 2, 
a seed raermietl 
Orper 111. Gesneraces, the Gesnera Family. Calyx partially adherent 
five-partite ; zstivation valvate. Corolla monopetalous, tubular, more o1 
less irregular, five-lobed ; estivation imbricated. Stamens four, didynamous, 
with the rudiment of a fifth, rarely two; anthers dithecal, with a thick 
swollen connective. Ovary partly free, unilocular, formed by two carpels 
with parietal placentas, which are two-lobed ; ovules indefinite, anatropal ; 
style continuous with the ovary; stigma capitate, concave, glandular or 
annular. Disk surrounding the base of the ovary. Fruit capsulate or 
succulent, one-celled, more or less adherent. Seeds 00, minute ; testa thin, 
finely and obliquely veined; embryo erect in the axis of fleshy albumen ; 
radicle pointing to the hilum. Herbs or shrubs, often springing from scaly 
tubers, with opposite or whorled, rugose, exstipulate leaves, and showy 
lowers. They are found principally in the warmer regions of America, 
and are interesting chiefly on account of their beauty, for they do not appear 
to possess’any important qualities. There are twenty-two known genera 
131 
