BOTANY. 139 
America. In conclusion, we can but briefly name such plants as are 
~ conspicuous for their economical qualities. Cynara cardunculus, the 
“ardoon; C. scolymus, the Artichoke ; Carthamus tinctorius, Safflower. 
Anthemis nobilis, Chamomile; Inula helenium, Elecampane; Artemisia 
absinthum, Wormwood. Moxas are formed from the woolly leaves of the 
Chinese Artemisia moxa. A. dracunculus is Tarragon; T'anacetum vulgare, 
Tansy ; Helianthus, Sunflower; Cichorium intybus, Succory or Chicory ; 
Taraxacum dens-leonis, Dandelion; Lactuca sativa, Lettuce ; Tragopogon 
porrifolius, Salsify or Oyster plant. 
Lactuca virosa, Poison Lettuce, Europe (pl. 64, fig. 9); a, a flower; ), 
ditto magnified; d, pistil; e, achenium; f, ditto magnified; g, hair of 
pappus magnified ; 4, cross-section ; and 7, longitudinal ditto of achzenium. 
Carthamus tinctorius, Safflower, East Indies (pl. 64, fig. 11); a, upper 
part; 6, sepal from the interior; c, an inner involucral leaf; d, a flower ; e, 
the anthers separated; f, a pappus hair magnified; g, achenium without 
the pappus. 
Cynara scolymus, the Artichoke, Europe (pl. 64, fig. 10); a, a flower; 
b, the fruit without pappus. 
Serratula tinctoria (pl. 64, fig. 12); A, the upper, B, the lower part of 
the plant; @, involucral scale; 6, hermaphrodite flower; c, stigma; d, 
acheenium ; e, cross-section of ditto; h, a female flower. 
Tanacetum vulgare, Tansy, Europe (pl. 64, fig. 13); @, involucral scale ; 
b, anthers; c, ray, and d, disk flowers; e, pistil; f, achenium; g, cross- 
section of ditto. 
Artemisia absinthum, Wormwood, Europe (pl. 65, fig. 1); a, a lower 
leaf; 6, flowering branch; c, receptacle with a disk and ray flower still 
standing; d, ray flower; e, disk flower; f, stigma; g, achenium; h, ditto 
in cross-section. 
Orpver 117. Catycreracea, the Calycera Family. Calyx superior, with a 
limb of five unequal segments. Corolla regular, infundibuliform, with a 
long, slender tube, and a five-lobed limb, the lobes having each three 
principal veins. Stamens five, attached to the tube of the corolla, with as 
many alternating glands below them; filaments monadelphous; anthers 
partially united. Ovary inferior, one-celled ; ovule solitary, pendulous ; 
style single, smooth; stigma capitate. Fruit an achenium, crowned by the 
rigid spiny segments of the calyx, sometimes covered with papillae, which 
emit spiral tubes when placed in water. Seed solitary, pendulous; embryo 
in the axis of fleshy albumen; radicle superior. Herbaceous plants, with 
alternate, exstipulate leaves, and sessile capitate flowers, surrounded by an 
involucre. They inhabit South America. Their properties are unknown. 
There are five known genera, according to Lindley, and ten species. 
Examples: Calycera, Boopis. 
Orper 118. Dirsacea, the Teazel Family. Calyx superior, with an 
entire or toothed, or pappose limb. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular, inserted 
on the calycine tube, with an oblique four- or five-lobed limb; zstivation 
imbricated. Stamens four, attached to the tube of the corolla, and alternate 
with its lobes; anthers dithecal, distinct. Ovary cohering with the tube of 
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