142 BOTANY. 
medicinal species are those belonging to the sub-order Cinchonacez. 
Peruvian bark is furnished by various species (about twelve) of Cinchona. 
It owes its efficacy to two alkaloids, Cinchonia and Quina. The bark of 
Pinckneya pubens has properties somewhat similar to that of true Cinchonas. 
Ipecacuanha is the root of Cephelis ipecacuanha, a Brazilian plant. The 
coffee plant, Coffea arabica, likewise belongs to this order. It is originally 
a native of Arabia and the borders of Abyssinia. Rubia tinctoria yields 
madder, a very valuable dye. | . 
Rubia tinctoria, madder (pl. 65, fig. 3); a, the root; b, a flowering 
branch ; ¢, d, f, flowers ; e, pistil; g, anthers. 
Coffea arabica, coffee (pl. 65, fig. 4); @,a branch with flowers and 
fruit; 0, pistil; c, flower expanded; d, fruit; e, do. with part of the hull 
removed, showing the two seeds; f, a seed; g, cross-section. 
Orper 121. Capriroxiaces, the Honeysuckle Family. Tube of the calyx 
adherent to the ovary; the limb five- (rarely four-) cleft or toothed. 
Corolla tubular, or sometimes rotate; the lobes imbricate in estivation. 
Stamens equal in number and alternate with the lobes of the corolla (or 
rarely one of them deficient), and inserted into the tube; anthers introrse, 
versatile. Ovary three- (rarely four- to five-) celled, with one to several 
pendulous ovules in each cell; style filiform, with a somewhat capitate 
stigma; or wanting, and the oblong stigmas three to five. Fruit baccate, 
fleshy, or sometimes dry (rarely capsular), often one-celled by abortion. 
Seeds anatropous. Embryo in the axis of fleshy albumen. Shrubs, or 
rarely herbaceous plants, with opposite exstipulate leaves. Inflorescence 
various. Chiefly found in the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and 
America. 
Sub-order 1. Loniceree. Corolla tubular; the limb sometimes irregular. 
Style filiform. Raphe on the outer side of the ovule. Tribe 1. Caprifoliee. 
Fruit baccate, sometimes nearly dry. Testa of the seed crustaceous or 
coriaceous. Examples: *Linnza, *Symphoricarpus, *Lonicera, *Diervillea. 
Tribe 2. Triostee. Fruit drupaceous ; endocarp bony. Testa of the seed 
membranaceous. Example: *Triosteum. ‘ 
Sub-order 2. Sambucee. Corolla regular, rotate, or rarely somewhat 
tubular. Stigmas three to five, nearly sessile. Endocarp of the fruit 
crustaceous or coriaceous. Testa of the seed membranaceous, the raphe 
occupying the inner side. Examples: *Sambucus, *Viburnum. 
Lindley assigns fourteen genera and 220 species to this family, of which 
eight genera and thirty-seven species are North American; of these, 
twelve are species of Viburnum, and fifteen of Lonicera. The snow-berry, 
a common ornamental shrub, is Symphoricarpus racemosus. The Elder 
(Sambucus), Honeysuckle (Lonicera), are well known plants. Linnea 
borealis is a charming species found in the north of the United States and 
of Europe. | 
Lonicera caprifolium, Honeysuckle (Europe) (pl. 65, fig. 5); a, a 
flowering branch; b, a flower expanded; c, anther; d, pistil; e, fruit; f, 
sections of do.; g, a seed. 
Orper 122. Loranruacez, the Mistletoe Family. Perianth in the 
142 
