BOTANY. - 145 
This extensive order is divided by De Candolle into three sub-orders : 
Orthosperme, having the inner face of the seed and albumen plane, neither 
convolute nor involute; Campylosperme, albumen with a_ longitudinal 
groove internally, or the margins involute; and Ca@losperme, albumen 
involute at the base and apex. 
Sus-orper 1. OrruosrerM®. 
Tribe 1. Hydrocotylee. Fruit laterally compressed: carpels convex o1 
(rarely) acute on the back ; primary ribs five, sometimes obsolete ; the lateral 
ones either marginal or on the face of the commissure ; the intermediate 
ones most prominent; secondary ribs sometimes persistent and filiform, 
sometimes almost or entirely wanting. Vittee very seldom present. Seed 
flattish on the face. Umbels simple or imperfectly compound. Mostly 
tropical. Examples: *Hydrocotyle, *Bowlesia, Centella. 
Tribe 2. Mulinee. Carpels contracted at the commissure, flattened on 
the back, five-jugate, forming a quadrangular fruit. The species are 
mostly inhabitants of extra-tropical South America. Examples: Bolax, 
Huanaca. 
Tribe 3. Saniculee. Transverse section of the fruit somewhat orbicular. 
Carpels with five equal primary and no secondary ribs, or covered with 
scales or prickles, when the ribs are obliterated. Vittee none, or numerous 
when the fruit is prickly. Seed flattish on the face. Umbels fascicled o 
capitate, simple, or somewhat irregularly compound. Mostly American, 
between 35° N.L. and 45° 8.L. Examples: *Sanicula, *Eryngium, 
Astrantia. 
Tribe 4. Amminee. Fruit evidently compressed laterally, and usually 
somewhat didymous. Carpels with five equal filiform and sometimes 
shghtly winged primary ribs; the lateral ones marginal; secondary ribs 
none. Vitte various. Seed gibbously convex on the back, and flattish on 
the face, or terete. Umbels perfectly compound. Mostly inhabitants of 
the temperate regions of both continents. Examples: *Ammi, *Cicuta, 
*Sium, Carum. 
Tribe 5. Seselinee. Transverse section of the fruit orbicular or nearly 
so. Carpels with filiform or winged ribs, of which the lateral ones are 
marginal, and either equal to or a little broader than the others. Intervals 
with one or more vitte, very rarely without any. Seed somewhat teretely 
convex on the back, flattish on the face. Umbels perfectly compound. 
Distribution of the species as in the preceding tribe. Examples: *Thapsium, 
*Conioselinum, Lichtensteinia. 
Tribe 6. Pachypleuree. Carpels compressed, lentiform, five-jugate, with 
thick equal ribs. Inhabitants of Central Asia, South Africa, and the 
Mediterranean region. Example: Krubera. 
Tribe 7. Angelicee. Fruit dorsally compressed, with a double winged 
margin. Carpels with the three dorsal ribs filiform or winged; the lateral 
ones dilated and forming the winged margins. Seed convex on the back, 
flattish on the face. Umbels compound. Mostly inhabit central and’ 
northern Europe: a few found in Northern America and Asia. Examples: 
*Angelica, *Archangelica, Selinum. 
ICONOGRAPHIC ENCYCLOPADIA.—VOL. II. 10 145 
