BOTANY. 147 
Europe, Asia, and America. Examples: Cherophyllum, *Glycosma, 
Tauschia. 
Tribe 16. Smyrniee. Fruit turgid, mostly laterally compressed or 
contracted. Carpels with five ribs; the lateral ones marginal or placed 
opposite the margin, sometimes nearly obliterated. Seed involute, or 
_ suleate on the face. Umbels compound. Abundant in eastern Europe 
and Asia; rare in northern and tropical America. Examples: Conium, 
*Cynapium, Anosmia. 
Sus-orRDER 3. CaLospERMES. 
Tribe 17. Coriandree. Fruit globose, or the carpels sub-globose and didy- 
mous; primary ribs of each carpel five, depressed and flexuous, or nearly 
obsolete ; the secondary ones four, more prominent: all wingless. | Umbels 
compound. Mediterranean Europe and Asia; North America. Examples: 
*Atrema, *Erigenia, Corion. 
Many of the Umbelliferze are valuable for various purposes. Some are 
esculents, as Daucus carota, the carrot; Pastinaca sativa, the parsnip; 
Apium graveolens, celery; Petroselinum sativum, parsley, &c. The 
roots of Arracacha esculentum, a native of Grenada, may serve as a 
substitute for the potatoe.. Some species yield foetid resins, as assafcetida, 
from Ferula assafcetida, a native of Persia. Caraway seeds are the fruit of 
Carum carui; coriander seeds, of Coriandrum sativum. Many are highly 
poisonous, as Conium maculatum, Water Hemlock. 
Lindley enumerates 267 genera, embracing 1500 species. Of these, fifty 
genera and about 140 species are North American. 
Cherophyllum temulum, Europe (pl. 65, fig. 10); a, a lower leaf; 3, 
lower part of the stem; c, a flower branch ; d, a flower; e, the fruit. 
Conium maculatum, Hemlock, Europe (pl. 65, fig. 11); a, cross-section 
of stem ; 6, flowering branch with flowers and fruit; c, involucre ; d, flower ; 
e, pistil; f, fruit; g, cross-section of acheenium. 
Cicuta virosa, Water Hemlock, or Cow-bane, Europe (pl. 65, fig. 8) ; a, 
vertical section of the root; 6, flower branch; c, flower; d, pistil; e, 
achenia ; f, cross-section of ditto; g, vertical section of achzenium. 
Aithusa cynapium, Fool’s Parsley, Europe (pl. 65, fig. 9); a, cross- 
section of the stem; b, branch with flowers and fruit; c, flower; d, achenia. 
(Enanthe fistulosa, Dead Tongue, Europe (pl. 65, fig. 7); a, the entire 
plant; 0, c, flowers; d, pistil; e, involucre; f, anther ; g—/, fruit. 
Sium latifolium, Water Parsley, Europe and Northern America 
(pl. 65, fig. 12); a, flowering branch; 8, a lower leaf; c, flower; d, pistil ; 
e, fruit; f—h, achenium with longitudinal and transverse sections of ditto. 
Orver 126. Hamametipacea, the Witch-hazel Family. Calyx four- or 
five-lobed or truncate. Petals four or five or 0, inserted on the calyx, 
alternating with the calycine segments. Stamens twice as many as the 
petals, in two rows, one of which alternates with the petals and is fertile, 
the other is opposite to them and sterile; anthers bilocular, introrse. Ovary 
adherent, two-celled; ovules solitary or several (in Bucklandia and 
Sedgwickia), pendulous or suspended ; styles two. Fruit, a two-celled, two- 
valved capsule, opening by loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds pendulous ; 
147 
