148 BOTANY. 
embryo straight, in the axis of a fleshy albumen; cotyledons ieafy; radicle 
superior. Shrubs or small trees, with alternate, petiolate, feather-veined, 
and stipulate leaves, and small axillary, bracteated, often unisexual flowers. 
They are found in various parts of Asia, Africa, and America. There are 
ten genera, with fifteen species. Of these North America possesses two 
genera and two species. 
Tribe 1. Hamamelee. Stamens eight to ten, of which the alternate ones 
are alone fertile; filaments very short. Ovules solitary in each cell. 
Examples: *Hamamelis (H. virginica, Witch-hazel, U. S.), Trichochladus. 
Tribe 2. Fothergilliee. Apetalous. Stamens somewhat indefinite; all 
fertile ; filaments very long. Ovules one, solitary in each cell. Examples: 
*Fothergilla, Parrotia. 
Tribe 3. Bucklandiee. Cells with several ovules. Examples: Buck- 
landia, Sedgwickia. 
Orver 127. Brunrace#, the Brunia Family. Calyx five-cleft ; estivation 
imbricated. Petals inserted in the throat of the calyx, and alternate with 
its segments. Stamens alternate with the petals arising from them, or from 
a disk surrounding the ovary ; anthers introrse, two-celled, with longitudinal 
dehiscence. Ovary usually adherent to the tube of the calyx, and one- to 
three-celled ; ovules anatropal, suspended, one or two in each cell; style 
simple or bifid; stigmas one to three. Fruit either bicoccous and two- 
celled, or indehiscent and one-celled, crowned by the persistent calyx. 
Seeds solitary or in pairs, suspended, sometimes with a short arillus ; embryo 
minute, at the base of fleshy albumen; cotyledons short and fleshy ; radicle 
conical, next the hilum. Branched, heath-like shrubs, with small, imbricated, 
rigid, and entire leaves, and small, often capitate flowers. They are natives 
principally of the Cape of Good Hope, and have no important properties. 
There are fifteen known genera, according to Lindley, and sixty-five species 
Examples: Brunia, Staavia, Ophiria. 
Orper’ 128. Saxirracaces, the Saxifrage Family. Calyx superior, or 
more or less inferior ; sepals usually five, more or less cohering at the. base. 
Petals usually five, perigynous, alternate with the lobes of the calyx, rarely 
0. Stamens perigynous, five to ten or », in one or more rows; anthers 
bilocular, with longitudinal or porous dehiscence. Disk often present, 
either annular or scaly. Ovary more or less completely united to the tube 
of the calyx, consisting usually of two carpels, cohering by their face, but 
distinct and diverging at the apex; styles as many as the carpels, distinct 
or combined; stigmas capitate or clavate. Placentas marginal (basal or 
apicilar), rarely central. Fruit generally a one- or two-celled capsule, the 
cells dehiscing at the ventral suture, and often divaricating when ripe. 
Seeds usually ~, rarely definite; spermoderm often reticulated; embryo 
small, in the axis of fleshy albumen; radicle pointing to the hilum. Shrubs, 
or trees, or herbs, with alternate or opposite, usually exstipulate leaves. 
They are generally natives of temperate climates, and some of them 
characterize alpine districts. The order has been divided into the following 
sub-orders : 
Sub-order 1. Saxifragea. Petals five or 0; stamens five to ten; ovary 
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