BOTANY. 153 
chiefly distinguished by their bisepalous calyx, perigynous stamens, and 
transversely dehiscent capsule. Examples: *Portulaca, T’alinum, *Calan- 
drinia, *Claytonia, *Montia, *Calyptridium. These embrace all the North 
American genera, with twenty-six species. ‘The entire order includes 
twelve genera, and 184 species. 
Orver 137. Turnerace®, the Turnera Family. Calyx with five equal 
lobes ; zstivation imbricated. Petals five, perigynous, equal; estivation 
twisted. Stamens five, perigynous, alternating with the petals; filaments 
distinct ; anthers dithecal, innate, oblong. Ovary free, one-celled, with 
three parietal placentas ; ovules », anatropal; style more or less cohering, 
or forked; stigmas multifid. Fruit a one-celled, three-valved capsule, 
dehiscing only half way down, in a loculicidal manner. Seeds crustaceous, 
reticulated, arillate on one side; embryo slightly curved, in the midst of 
fleshy albumen; cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle pointing to the hilum. 
Herbaceous or somewhat shrubby plants, occasionally with stellate 
pubescence, having alternate, exstipulate leaves, and frequently two glands 
at the apex of the petiole. They are natives of the West Indies and 
South America. They are not put to any important use. Lindley gives 
two genera, including sixty species. Examples: *Turnera, Piriqueta. 
Turnera cistoides, a Florida species, is our sole representative. 
Orper 138. Passtrtoracea, the Passion-flower Family. Sepals five, 
combined below into a more or less elongated tube. Petals five, perigynous, 
often with filamentous or annular processes on their inside, which appear 
to be an altered whorl or whorls of petals, occasionally wanting, imbricated 
in gestivation. Stamens five, monadelphous, surrounding the gynophore 
when present, rarely ~, usually with processes from the thalamus, interposed 
between them and the petals ; anthers dithecal, extrorse, versatile, dehiscing 
longitudinally ; pollen grains sometimes bursting by opercula. Ovary one- 
celled, often with a gynophore ; ovules anatropal, » ; styles three ; stigmas 
dilated. Fruit often stipulate, one-celled, sometimes three-valved, opening 
by loculicidal dehiscence, or succulent and indehiscent. Seeds <, attached 
to parietal placentas, arillate, or strophiolate ; spermoderm brittle and 
sculptured ; embryo straight in the midst of this fleshy albumen; radicle 
pointing to the hilum. Herbs or shrubs, often climbing, with alternate, stipulate 
or exstipulate leaves. The order has been divided into three sub-orders. 
Sub-order 1. Paropsiee, plants not climbing, with a sessile ovary, arillate 
seeds, and exstipulate leaves. 
Sub-order 2. Passifloree, climbing plants with a stalked ovary, arillate 
seeds, stipulate leaves, and glandular petioles. 
Sub-order 3. Malesherbiee, plants not climbing, with a stalked ovary, 
style below the apex of the ovary, strophiolate seeds, and exstipulate leaves. 
They are natives chiefly of warm climates, and are found in America, the 
East and West Indies. There are fourteen known genera, and 215 species. 
Examples: Paropsia, Smeathmannia, *Passiflora, Tacsonia, Malesherbia. 
Passiflora with four species represents this order in North America. 
The name passion-flower was given on account of a fancied resemblance 
to the appearances presented on Mount Calvary. In the five anthers, a 
153 
