BOTANY. 161 
little below the petals, equal in number to them, or two, three, or four times 
as many; anthers adnate, dithecal, introrse, with longitudinal dehiscence. 
Ovary superior, two- to six- called 4 ovules numerous, anatropal; style 
filiform ; stigma usually capitate. Fr uit a dehiscent membranous capsule, 
sesbrighe desl by the calix but not adherent to it, sometimes one-celled by the 
obliteration of the dissepiments. Seeds numerous, small, apterous or 
winged, exalbuminous, attached to a central plasonite : embryo straight ; 
cotyledons flat and foliaceous ; radicle next the hilum. Herbs and sas ubs, 
with branches which are tenuis tetragonal, and with opposite, icky 
alternate, entire, exstipulate leaves without glands. They are natives of 
Europe, North and South America, and India. The order is divided into 
two sub-orders : 
Sub-order 1. Lythree, with apterous (wingless) seeds. 
Sub-order 2. Lagerstromiee, with winged seeds. 
Lindley gives thirty-five genera, including three hundred species. Ex- 
amples: *Lythrum, *Cuphea, Lagerstromia. 
Lythrum salicaria, the Willow Strife, is found in all quarters of the 
globe. Lawsonia inermis furnishes the Henna of the Arabians, a substance 
used in imparting an orange color. North American genera five, with ten 
species. 
Lythrum salicaria (pl. 70, fig. 1); A, lower part; B, upper part; « 
portion of flower displayed ; 6, an anther; ce, fruit; fg, seed. 
Orper 151. Catycanrnacea, the Calycanthus Family. Sepals and 
petals confounded, indefinite, combined in a fleshy tube ; eestivation imbri- 
cated. Stamens %, perigynous ; anthers adnate, extrorse, with longitudinal 
dehiscence. Ovaries several, one-celled, adhering to the tiie of eel calyx ; 
ovules solitary or two, one above the other, anatropal; style terminal. 
Fruit consisting of silica, inclosed in the i tube of the calyx. Seed 
exalbuminous; embryo ace cotyledons convolute; radicle inferior. 
Shrubs, with square stems, consisting of a central woody mass, with four 
smaller ones around; leaves opposite, simple, scabrous, exstipulate. They 
are natives of North America and Japan. 
The genera are *“Calycanthus and Chimonanthus, with six species. 
Calycanthus *floridus is the so-called shrub of gardens, well known for the 
sweet scented flowers called Shrubs. A second species is found in 
California. 
OrvER 152. Rosacea, the Rose Family. Calyx four- to five-lobed, the 
fifth lobe superior. Petals as many as the divisions of the calyx, often five, 
sometimes wanting, perigynous, generally regular ; estivation quincuncial. 
Stamens inserted with the petals, definite or indefinite ; filaments incurved 
in estivation ; anthers bilocular, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovaries superior, 
either solitary or several, unilocular, sometimes uniting so as to form a 
many-celled pistil; ovules one, two, or more, anatropal, suspended, rarely 
erect; styles lateral; stigmas usually simple. Fruit either achenia or 
drupes, or follicles or pomes. Seeds erect or inverted, usually exalbuminous ; 
embryo straight, with the radicle next the hilum, and leafy or fleshy 
cotyledons... Herbaceous plants, or shrubs, or trees, with simple or 
ICONOGRAPHIC ENCYCLOP2ZDIA.—VOL, II. 11 161 
