BOTANY. 163 
back to the tube of the calyx. The species are all from temperate North 
and South Africa, herbaceous, with leaves once or twice pinnatifid. 
Examples: Neurada, Grielum. 
Tribe 3. Dryadew. Divisions of the calyx five, rarely four or more, the 
estivation usually valvate, often doubled by an exterior calicle produced by 
the coherence of the calycinal stipules. Petals of the same number with 
the divisions of the calyx, sometimes 0. Stamens definite or indefinite. 
Carpels often numerous, sometimes reduced in number, borne on a central, 
more or less projecting, receptacle ; free, with a terminal style, or more 
frequently lateral, each containing one or two ovules, upright or suspended, 
and subsequently a like number - dry or fleshy pana Trees or shrubs, 
with leaves compound, digitate or pinnate, rarely simple. Inhabitants of 
temperate regions for the most part; some found at great elevations. 
Sub-tribe 1. Dalibardew. No calicle. Stamens indefinite. Carpels 
numerous, with the styles terminal. Jadicle superior. Examples: *Dali- 
barda, *Rubus.. The latter genus includes the various species of 
Raspberry and Blackberry, of which there are twenty-three North American 
species. © 
Sub-tribe 2. Fragariew. Calyx calicled, with valvate sestivation. 
Stamens indefinite. Carpels numerous, with the styles lateral. Radicle 
superior. Examples: *Fragaria, *Potentilla. The former genus includes 
the Strawberries, of which two species are indigenous to the United States. 
One of these is I. vesca, the cultivated species, introduced into gardens, 
from Europe, nevertheless wild in the Northern States. The other is F. 
virginiana, the common wild strawberry. The two are readily distinguished 
by the fruit. The latter has the achzenia (“ seeds”) completely embedded in 
the deeply-pitted pulp ; in the former they stand out. 
Sub-tribe 3. Chamerhodee. Calyx, with or without calicle, zstivation 
valvate. Stamens five to ten. Number of carpels the same, or a little 
greater, the styles nearly or quite lateral. Radicle auuerion Examples : 
_*Horkelia, *Sibbaldia, *Chameerhodos. 
Sub-tribe 4. ee. Calyx with valvate or lwieata eestivation, 
with or without calicle, hardening and closing above the ripe ape: 
Corolla mostly none. Stamens one to fifteen. Canpels two, rarely more. 
Styles terminal or lateral. Radicle superior. Examples: *Agrimonia, 
_*Sanguisorbia. 
Sub-tribe 5. Cercocarpew. Calyx without a calicle, sestivation imbricated. 
-- Petals five or 0. Stamens numerous. Carpel single, with the style 
terminal. Radicle inferior. Examples: *Cercocarpus, *Purshia. 
Sub-tribe 6. Hudryadew. Calyx with valvate estivation, with or without 
calicle. Stamens numerous. Carpels numerous, with the styles terminal. 
Radicle inferior. Examples: *Geum, *Dryas, *Waldsteinia. 
Tribe 4. Spirwacee. Limb of the calyx with five divisions, more or less 
deep, estivation imbricate, more rarely valvate. Petals of the same 
number. Stamens indefinite. Carpels five, more rarely reduced to two, 
and even one, free, verticillate, styles usually terminal, containing one, two, 
. or more ovules, suspended or ascending, becoming of the same number of 
163 
