BOTANY. 165 
Mespilus germanica, Medlar (pl. 70, fig. 2); @, a flowering branch ; 0, 
fruit ; ¢, seed. 
Amygdalus communis (var. dulcis), Sweet Almond (pl. 70, jig. 5); A, 
branch with flowers; B, ditto with fruit; a, flower; 6, calyx; ¢, petal; d, 
pistil; ¢, fruit with the hull in vertical section; 7, nut; g, A, seed or kernel ; 
z, vertical section; %, 2, bases of leaves. 
Orper 153. Moriweacea, the Moringa Family. Calyx five-partite ; 
eestivation slightly imbricated. Petals five, rather unequal, upper one 
ascending. Stamens eight or ten, perigynous; filaments slightly petaloid, 
callous, and hairy at the base; anthers simple, one-celled, with a thick 
convex connective. Disk lining the tube of the calyx. Ovary superior, 
stipitate, one-celled ; ovules anatropal, attached to parietal placentas ; style 
filiform ; stigma simple. Fruit a pod-like capsule, one-celled, three-valved, 
opening by loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds numerous, half buried in the 
spongy substance of the valves, sometimes winged, exalbuminous ; embryo 
with a superior, straight, small radicle, and fleshy cotyledons. Trees with 
bi- or tri-pinnate, stipulate leaves, natives of the East Indies and Arabia. 
Some of them are pungent and aromatic. The seeds of Moringa pterygo- 
sperma, Horse-radish tree, are winged, and are called Ben-nuts. From 
them is procured a fluid oil, used by watch-makers, and called Oil of 
Ben. The root is pungent and stimulant, and resembles Horse-radish 
in its taste. Lindley mentions one genus and four species. Example: 
Moringa. 
Orver 154. Lrecuminosa, the Pea Family. Calyx five-partite, toothed, 
or cleft, with the odd segment anterior; segments often unequal and 
variously combined. Petals five, or by abortion four, three, two, one, or 0, 
inserted into the base of the calyx, sometimes equal, but usually unequal, 
often papilionaceous, with the odd petal superior. Stamens definite or 
indefinite, usually perigynous, distinct or monadelphous or diadelphous or 
rarely triadelphous; anthers bilocular, versatile. Ovary superior, one- 
celled, consisting usually of a solitary carpel, sometimes of two to five; 
ovules one or many; style simple, proceeding from the upper or ventral 
suture; stigma simple. Fruit a legume, or a drupe. Seeds solitary or 
several, sometimes arillate, often curved; embryo usually exalbuminous, 
straight, or with the radicle bent upon the edges of the cotyledons, which 
are either epigeal or hypogeal in germination, and leafy (Phyllolobee) or 
fleshy (Sarcolobee). Herbaceous plants, shrubs, or trees, with alternate, 
usually compound leaves, having two stipules at the base of the petiole, and 
two at the base of each leaflet in the pinnate leaves. Pedicels usually 
articulated. The flowers are frequently papilionaceous, and the fruit is 
commonly leguminous, and by the presence of one or other of these 
characters the order may be recognised. The order now embraces 467 
genera, and 6500 species, of which North America has about seventy 
genera, and 450 species. 
Sub-order 1. Papilionaceew. Sepals imbricated (or sometimes slightly 
valvate) in estivation. Corolla papilionaceous or more or less irregular, 
rarely wanting. Stamens ten, or occasionally fewer, inserted with the 
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