BOTANY. 167 
Astragalus yield gum tragacanth. This is especially obtained from A. 
verus, a native of Persia and Asia Minor. Myroxylon peruiferum furnishes 
Balsam,of Peru; M. toluiferum, Balsam of Tolu. African Kino is produced 
from Pterocarpus erinaceus. Cowitch consists of the hairs of Mucuna 
pruriens. Species of Indigofera, as I. tinctoria and ccerulea, yield indigo. 
Red sandalwood is obtained from Pterocarpus santalinus. Tonga beans are 
derived from Dipterix odorata. The peculiar flavor of Sapsago cheese is 
owing to the flowers and seeds of a species of Melilotus. Arachis hypogeea 
produces its legumes under ground, which are known as ground nuts. 
Erythrina monosperma yields gumlac. The wood of Robinia pseudo-acacia, 
or the Locust tree of the United States, is in much request for fence posts, 
&e., on account of its great durability. 
Sub-order 2. Casalpinice. Flowers irregular, but not papilionaceous, 
petals spreading, imbricated in eestivation, upper one interior. Seeds 
without albumen, embryo often straight. Stems arborescent or shrubby, 
sometimes climbing. Leaves simple, or more frequently compound, and 
often bipinnate. 
Tribe 1. Leptolobrew. Calyx usually campanulate, five-fid. Petals five, 
somewhat unequal. Ten fertile stamens, somewhat unequal, declined or 
divergent. Support of the ovary free. Leaves pari- or impari- pinnate 
(not bipinnate); leaflets tending to alternation. Example: Heematoxylon. 
Tribe 2. Hucesalpiniee. Calyx five-fid, or more frequently five-partite. 
Petals five, somewhat unequal. Ten fertile stamens, somewhat declined. 
Support of the ovary free. Leaves bipinnate. Examples: *Cesalpinia, 
*Guilandina, *Gleditschia, “Gymnocladus. 
Tribe 3. Cassie. Calyx five-partite. Petals five. Stamens ten or less, 
scarcely perigynous, some of them often deformed or wanting. Anthers 
large, oblong or quadrangular, opening by a pore at the apex, more rarely 
by a pore at the base. Support of the ovary free. Leaves paripinnate, 
more rarely with somewhat alternating leaflets, with a terminal one. 
Examples : *Cassia, Senna. 
Tribe 4. Swartziew. Calyx with valvate dehiscence, sometimes bursting 
irregularly, sometimes divided to the base in four to five nearly equal 
segments. Petals five or less; sometimes reduced to one, or entirely 
absent. Stamens indefinite, more or less numerous, slightly or considerably 
unequal, inserted with the petals on the receptacle, or else distinctly (but 
rarely) on the calyx. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets numerous or solitary. 
Bractlets mostly wanting. Example: Swartzia. 
Tribe 5. Ambherstvew. Calyx tubular inferiorly and persistent; divisions 
four to five, concave, imbricated, reflexed or caducous. Petals five or less, 
reduced sometimes to one. Stamens ten or more, or less, all, or sometimes 
‘one only, very long and folded in the bud. Support of the ovary most 
generally united on one side with the tube of the calyx. Leaves pari- 
rarely impari-pinnate. Example: Tamarindus. 
Tribe 6. LBauhiniew. Calyx tubular inferiorly, persistent, the divisions 
sometimes short and dentiform, sometimes elongated and valvate. Petals 
five. Stamens ten or less. Support of the ovary free or united. Leaves 
167 
