174 BOTANY. 
Fruit indehiscent, consisting of four or five drupes, arranged round a 
common receptacle. Seeds anatropal, pendulous; embryo exalbuminous. 
Trees or shrubs, with exstipulate, alternate, usually compound leaves, 
without dots. They are found in the tropical parts of America, Asia, and 
Africa. Lindley gives ten genera and thirty-five species. Examples: 
Simaruba, Quassia, Picreena. All the plants of this order are intensely 
bitter. Quassia of commerce is obtained from Quassia amara, a Surinam 
shrub, and from Picreena excelsa, a native of the West Indies. It is 
sometimes used illegally by brewers as a substitute for hops. | 
Orver 165. Zanruoxytace®, the Zanthoxylon Family. Flowers 
unisexual. Calyx in three, four, or five segments, with imbricated 
eestivation. Petals the same in number, rarely 0, usually larger than the — 
calyx; sestivation imbricated or convolute. Stamens as many, or twice as 
many as the petals, not developed in the female flowers. Ovary consisting 
of as many carpels as there are petals (sometimes fewer), the carpels being 
either completely or partially united; ovules two, rarely four, in each 
carpel; styles more or less combined. Fruit baccate or membranous, 
sometimes of two to five cells, sometimes of several drupes, or two-valved 
capsules, of which the fleshy sarcocarp is partly separable from the 
endocarp. Seeds solitary or in pairs, pendulous; embryo lying within 
fleshy albumen; radicle superior; cotyledons ovate, flat. Trees or shrubs, 
with exstipulate, alternate, or opposite leaves, having pellucid dots. They 
exist chiefly in the tropical parts of America. Lindley enumerates 20 
genera, including 110 species. The North American genera are Zan- 
thoxylum, Ptelea, and Pitavia, with five species. Z. americanus, known as 
prickly ash, or toothache tree, has an aromatic pungency in the leaves, 
bark, and berries. 
Orver 166. Ruracexz, the Rue Family. Calyx having four or five 
segments, with an imbricated estivation. Petals alternate with the 
divisions of the calyx, distinct, or cohering below into a spurious gamope- 
talous corolla, rarely wanting; sestivation either contorted or valvate. 
Stamens equal in number to the petals, or twice or thrice as many (rarely 
fewer by abortion or non-development), usually hypogynous, but in some 
instances perigynous. Between the stamens and ovary there is a more or 
less cup-shaped disk, which is either free or united to the calyx. Ovary 
sessile or supported on a gynophore, its carpels equal to the petals in 
number, or fewer ; ovules two, rarely four or fewer in each carpel; styles 
adherent above ; stigma simple or dilated. Fruit capsular, its parts either 
combined completely or partially ; seeds solitary or in pairs, albuminous or 
exalbuminous ; embryo with a supei por radicle. Trees or shrubs, with 
exstipulate, opposite, or alternate leaves, usually covered with pellucid, 
_resinous dots, and hermaphrodite flowers. The order has been sub-divided 
into two sub-orders : 
Sub-order 1. Rutew, with albuminous seeds, and the fruit, with sarcocarp 
and endocarp combined. 
Sub-order 2. Diosmew, with exalbuminous seeds and a two-valved endo- 
carp, which dehisces at the base, and when the fruit is ripe separates from 
174 
