BOTANY. 175 
a two-valved sarcocarp. Rutez are found chiefly in the southern part of 
the temperate zone, as in the south of Europe, while Diosmeze abound at the 
Cape of Good Hope and in New Holland. The recently discovered 
- Rutosma texensis is the sole representative of the Rutez in America. 
Lindley mentions 48 genera and 400 species. Examples: Ruta, Dictamnus, 
Diosma, Barosma, Correa, Boronia, *Rutosma. 
Dictamnus albus (pl. 68, fig. 10); a, 6, a flower branch and leaf; c. 
stamen; d, pistil; e, burst capsule; 7, half of the capsule with the endocary 
separated ; g, endocarp with the seed; /, a seed. 
Orpver 167. ZyGorHyLLaces, the Guaiacum Family. Calyx four- or five- 
parted, with convolute estivation. Petals alternate with the calycine 
segments, with imbricated wstivation. Stamens twice as many as the 
petals; filaments dilated at the base, usually arising from scales. Ovary 
simple, four- or five-celled; divisions occasionally formed by spurious 
dissepiments. Ovules two or more in each cell, usually pendulous ; style 
simple, four- or five-furrowed ; stigma simple, or four- or five-lobed. Fruit 
capsular, or rarely fleshy, with four or five angles or wings, four- or five- 
valved, either opening by loculicidal dehiscence, or indehiscent. Seeds 
few, usually with whitish albumen, sometimes exalbuminous ; embryo green, 
with foliaceous cotyledons, and a superior radicle. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, 
with opposite, stipulate, usually compound leaves, which are not dotted, and 
hermaphrodite flowers. They occur in various parts of the world, chiefly 
in warm extratropical regions, as in the south of Europe, America, Africa, 
and India. The order has been divided into two sections ; 1. Zygophyllee. 
having albuminous seeds. 2. Tribulee, having exalbuminous seeds. 
Lindley mentions seven genera, comprising one hundred species. Examples: 
Zygophyllum, Guaiacum, Tribulus, *Kallstreema. The order is represented 
in North America by Kallstrcema maxima alone. Jussieu includes the last 
four orders as sub-orders, under one general order, Zygophyllacee. The 
wood of Guaiacum officinale, a West Indian tree, is known as lignum vite. 
This species yields a resinous matter, known as Gum guaiac. 
Guaiacum officinale (pl. 68, jig. 9); a, flowering branch ; 6, anthers; c¢. 
pistil; d, an ovule magnified ; e, fruit. 
Orver 168. Brextaces, the Brexia Family. Calyx small, persistent, of 
five coherent sepals, with an imbricated estivation. Petals five, with 
_ twisted estivation. Stamens five, alternate with the petals, arising from a 
narrow cup or disk, which is toothed between each stamen; anthers 
bilocular, erect, opening longitudinally and introrsely. Ovary five-celled ; 
ovules numerous, in two rows; placentas central; style one ; stigma simple. 
_ Fruit drupaceous, five-celled, many-seeded. Seeds having two distinct 
coverings, anatropal; embryo straight; radicle cylindrical; cotyledons 
ovate, obtuse. ‘Trees with coriaceous, alternate leaves, having small 
_deciduous stipules. They exist principally in Madagascar. Lindley 
associates some perigynous genera with Brexia, and places the order near 
Saxifragacee. He enumerates four genera, including six species. 
Example: Brexia. 
Orper 169. Prrrosporaces, the Pittosporum Family. Sepals four or five, 
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