BOTANY. 181 
fewer or more numerous, inserted either on the disk or between the glands 
and the ovary; filaments distinct or very slightly united at the base; 
anthers introrse (the pistil of the staminate flowers either rudimentary or 
entirely wanting). Ovary composed of three (rarely two to five) united 
carpels ; styles partly or completely united; ovules solitary in each cell; 
erect or ascending ; sometimes two, the upper one ascending, the lower 
suspended ; rarely three or more. Fruit two- to three-celled, capsular, 
vesicular, or samaroid, or frequently fleshy and indehiscent. Seeds one to 
three in each cell, usually arilled, without albumen. Embryorarely straight ; 
the cotyledons usually incumbent on the radicle, or spirally convolute, 
sometimes combined into a thick mass. ‘Trees or tendril-bearing shrubs or 
herbs. Leaves alternate, usually compound and exstipulate, often marked 
with pellucid lines or dots. Flowers small. Zizbe 1. Sapindew. Ovary 
with one ovule in each cell. Embryo curved or rarely straight. Examples: 
*Cardiospermum, *Sapindus, Paullinia. Z7ribe2. Dodonwacew. Ovary with 
two to three (rarely more) ovules in each cell. Embryo spirally convolute. 
Example : *Dodonea. 
The entire order embraces nearly sixty genera; of which three, with as 
many species, are North American. ‘The fruit of Sapindus saponaria, 
known in the West Indies as Soap berries, supplies a substitute for soap. 
Paullinia pinnata (South America) (pl. 66, jig. 14); a—d. 
Orver 180. Hiepocastaneace®, the Horse-Chestnut Family. Sepals 
five, usually united into a campanulate or tubular five-toothed calyx ; 
zestivation imbricated. Petals five, or four by the suppression of the 
inferior one, commonly unequal and irregular, unguiculate, hypogynous. 
Stamens six to eight, commonly seven, distinct, unequal, inserted upon the 
hypogynous disk ; anthers oval, versatile. Ovary roundish, composed of 
three united carpels, three-celled, with two collateral ovules in each cell ; 
style filiform, acute. Fruit subglobose, coriaceous, three- (or frequently by 
suppression one- to two-) celled, two- to three-valved, with loculicidal 
dehiscence. Seeds solitary or very few, large, with a smooth or shining 
testa, and a broad pale hilum, somewhat campylotropous, with no albumen. 
Cotyledons very thick and fleshy, gibbous, cohering, remaining under ground 
in germination ; radicle conical, curved ; plumule large, two-leaved. Trees 
or shrubs. Leaves opposite (in Ungnodia alternate), exstipulate, compound ; 
leaflets serrate. Flowers showy ; pedicels articulated. This order, composed 
of the three genera Aesculus, Pavia, and Ungnodia, is North American, 
excepting a single species, Aesculus hippocastaneum, from Thibet. Native 
species of Aesculus are known in the United States as Buckeyes. The 
powdered seeds of A. pavia may be used like Cocculus Indicus, to stupety 
fish. The root also may be used as a substitute for soap in washing woollen 
cloths. 
Aesculus pavia, Small Buckeye (United States) (pl.66, jig. 15); a, a 
flowering branch ; }, upper and lower petals ; c, vertical section of ovary ; 
d, fruit. 
Orper 181. Acrraces, the Maple Family. Calyx divided into five, 
rarely into four or nine parts, with an imbricated sestivation. Petals equal 
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