BOTANY. 183 
Malpighia urens (South America and West Indies) (pl. 67, jig. 2); a, 
flowering branch; 0, calyx; c, petal; d, stamens and pistil. 
Orver 183. ErytHroxyLace®, the Erythroxylon Family. Sepals five, 
united at the base, persistent; «stivation imbricated. Petals five, hypo- 
vynous, broad and with a small scale at the base, slightly contorted in 
vestivation. Stamens ten, monadelphous; anthers erect; bilocular, with 
longitudinal dehiscence. Ovary three-celled, two of which are sometimes 
abortive; styles three, distinct, or united; stigmas three; ovule single, 
pendulous. Fruit a one-seeded drupe. Seed angular, anatropal; embryo 
in the axis of firm albumen, rarely exalbuminous ; cotyledons linear, flat, and 
leafy. Shrubs or trees with alternate stipulate leaves. lowers arising 
trom numerous, imbricated, scale-like bracts. Found chiefly in the West 
Indies and South America. The plants of the order have tonic, purgative, 
and narcotic qualities. The leaves of Erythroxylon coca are used in Peru 
as a stimulant like opium. Some yield a dye. There are two or three 
known genera, and about eighty species. Examples: Erythroxylon, 
Sethia. . 
Orper 184. Hippocrareaces, the Hippocratea Family. Sepals five, 
very small, united up to the middle, persistent, with an imbricated eestivation. 
Petals five, with an imbricated sstivation. Stamens three, monadelphous ; 
the united filaments forming a tube or a disk-like cup round the ovary ; 
anthers with transverse dehiscence. Ovary free, trilocular; style one; 
stigmas one to three. Fruit consisting either of three samaroid carpels, or 
fleshy and one- to three-celled. Seeds definite, about four in each cell, 
attached to a central placenta, exalbuminous, anatropal, with a straight 
embryo, and flat; somewhat fleshy cotyledons. Arborescent or climbing 
shrubs, with opposite, simple, somewhat coriaceous leaves, having small 
deciduous stipules. They are found principally in South America; a few 
are natives of Africa and the East Indies. The fruit of some is eatable. 
Lindley mentions six genera, comprehending eighty-six species. Examples: 
Hippocratea, Salacia. 
Orver 185. Marceraaviaces, the Marcgravia Family. Sepals two to 
seven, usually coriaceous and persistent; estivation imbricated. Corolla 
hypogynons, of five petals, or gamopetalous, calyptriform, entire or torn at 
the point. Stamens usually 00, very rarely five, hypogynous ; filaments 
dilated at the base; anthers long, erect, introrse. Ovary single, unilocular ; 
style one ; stigma often capitate. Fruit coriaceous, indehiscent, or dehiscing 
by valves in a loculicidal manner, the placentas being parietal and forming 
spurious dissepiments. Seeds indefinite, minute, in a pulp, anatropal, 
exalbuminous ; embryo straight. Trees and shrubs, with alternate, simple, 
entire, coriaceous, and exstipulate leaves. Flowers furnished occasionally 
with bracts, which are folded and united so as to form ascidia. They occur 
chiefly in the warmer parts of America. Their properties are scarcely 
known. There are four genera mentioned, and twenty-six species. 
Examples: Marcgraavia, Norantea. 
Orver 186. Gurrirer#, or Crustacea, the Gamboge Family. Sepals two 
to six, or eight, usually persistent, round, frequently unequal and colored ; 
183 
