184 BOTANY. 
estivation imbricated. Petals hypogynous, equal to, or a multiple of, the 
sepals. Stamens hypogynous, usually 00, rarely definite, free or variously 
united at the base; filaments unequal in length; anthers adnate, introrse 
or extrorse, sometimes very small, occasionally unilocular, and sometimes 
with porous or circumscissile dehiscence. Thalamus, forming a fleshy, 
sometimes five-lobed disk. Ovary solitary, one- or many-celled; ovules 
either solitary and erect, or ascending and numerous, and attached to 
central placentas ; style 0 or very short; stigmas peltate or radiate. Fruit 
dry or fleshy, one- or many-celled, one- or many-seeded, either with 
septicidal dehiscence or indehiscent. Seeds definite, anatropal, orthotropal, 
in a pulp, apterous, and often arillate, with a thin and membranous 
spermoderm ; albumen 0; embryo straight; cotyledons usually cohering. © 
Trees or shrubs, sometimes parasitical, with exstipulate, opposite, 
coriaceous, entire leaves, having a strong midrib, and lateral veins running 
directly to the margin. Flowers articulated with the peduncle, often 
unisexual by abortion. They are natives of tropical regions, more 
especially of South America. Lindley enumerates 30 genera, including 
150 species. Zribe 1. Clustew. Ovary many-celled, one- or many-seeded. 
Fruit capsular. Example: *Clusia. Z7rzbe 2. Moronobew. Ovary many- 
celled, the cells many-seeded. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent. Example: Chrysopia. 
Tribe 3. Garcimew. Ovary many-celled, the cells one-seeded. Fruit 
fleshy. Examples: Mammea, Garcinea, Cambogia. Tribe 4. Calophyllee. 
Cells of ovary two, with two seeds, or one cell with one to three seeds. 
Fruit capsular or drupaceous. Example: Mesua. 
Garcinia cambogia, a Malabar tree, furnishes gamboge. G. mangostena 
supplies the East Indian Mangosteen fruit. The Mammee apple of South 
America is derived from Mammea americana. A species of Clusia is found 
in Florida. 
Carcinia cambogia, the Gamboge tree (pl. 67, jig. 4); a, a flowering 
branch; 6, the fruit; c, cross-section; d, flower; ¢, pistil in section; f, a 
seed. 
Orver 187. Hyprricaces, the St. John’s Wort Family. Sepals four or 
five, separate or united, persistent, usually with glandular dots, unequal ; 
eestivation imbricated. Petals four or five, oblique, often with black dots ; 
eestivation contorted. Stamens hypogynous, ~, generally polyadelphous, 
very rarely ten, and monadelphous or distinct; filaments filiform; anthers 
bilocular, with longitudinal dehiscence ; carpels two to five, united round a 
central or basal placenta ; styles the same in number as the carpels, usually 
separate; stigmas capitate or simple. Fruit either fleshy or capsular, 
multilocular and multivalvular, rarely unilocular. Seeds usually 00, minute, 
anatropal, usually exalbuminous; embryo usually straight. Herbaceous 
plants, shrubs, or trees, with exstipulate, entire leaves, which are usually 
opposite and dotted. Flowers often yellow. They are distributed very 
generally over all parts of the globe, are found in elevated and low, dry and 
damp situations. They yield a resinous colored juice, which has purgative 
properties, and resembles gamboge. Lindley places Parnassia in this order. 
There are 15 known genera, and about 270 species. North America has 
184 
