188 BOTANY. 
genera, embracing four hundred species. Zribe 1. Lasiopetalew. Calyx 
petaloid. Petals reduced to short scales or 0. Five anthers bearing 
filaments, alternating with an equal number of abortive ones. Embryo 
straight with foliaceous cotyledons, in a thick perisperm. Species Australa- 
sian. Example: Seringia. Zribe 2. Bytineriew. Petals concave or 
vaulted, often prolonged at the apex into a liguliform appendage. Staminal 
tube divided superiorly into ten strips alternately sterile and carrying one 
to three anthers. Embryo with cotyledons sometimes foliaceous in a thick 
albumen, sometimes folded or convolute without perisperm. Species belong 
to both worlds. Example: Theobroma, Telfairia. Tribe 3. Hermanniee. 
Petals flat. Five monadelphous fertile stamens. Embryo with foliaceous 
cotyledons, straight or arched in a fleshy albumen. Plants common to both 
continents, especially abundant in South Africa. Example: *Melochia, 
Waltheria. Zribe 4. Dombeyacew. Petals flat. Stamens fifteen to forty, 
those opposite the petals usually sterile and liguliform. Embryo with 
foliaceous cotyledons, often bifid and folded, in a thin perisperm. Example: 
Kydia. Tribe 5. Hrioleniew. Petals flat. Stamens numerous, all anther 
bearing, united into one column. Embryo with the cotyledons folded, 
bilobed, in a fleshy perisperm. Species Asiatic. Example: Schillera. 
The only North American representatives of the order are Melochia 
pyramidata and Hermannia texana, found in Texas. The most conspicuous 
species is the Chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao. Chocolate consists of the 
roasted and ground beans mixed with sugar, arnotto, vanilla, and cinnamon. 
Butter of cacao is a fatty oil obtained by expression from the seed. 
Theobroma cacao, the Cacao or Chocolate tree (South America) (/. 
67, fig. 12); a, a flower branch and a branch with fruit; 6, vertical section 
of the latter; c, flower; d, stamen; e, staminal tube; 7, pistil; g, lower 
stamens; 4-1, seeds. 
Orver 195. SrercvLiaces, the Sterculia and Silk-cotton Family. Calyx 
of five, more or less united, sepals, often surrounded by an involucre; 
estivation usually valvate. Petals five or none, hypogynous, estivation 
twisted. Stamens usually «; their filaments variously united; anthers two- 
celled, extrorse. Pistil of five (rarely) three carpels, either distinct or 
cohering; styles equal in number to the carpels, free or cohering; ovules 
orthotropal or anatropal. Fruit capsular, usually witli five cells, or follicular 
or succulent. Seeds often with a woolly covering; with a fleshy or oily 
perisperm (rarely 0), and either a straight or a curved embryo; cotyledons 
leaty or thick, plaited or rolled round the plumule. Trees or shrubs, with 
alternate leaves, which are either simple or compound, deciduous stipules, 
and often a stellate pubescence. They are distinguished from Malvacez 
by their dithecal extrorse anthers. They inhabit warm climates. 
Sub-order 1. Adansoniew. Flowers hermaphrodite. Anthers one-locular 
(sometimes germinate). Fruit sessile, most often with loculicidal dehiscence, 
rarely indehiscent. Perisperm usually almost wanting. Leaves digitate or 
palmate. Examples: Adansonia, Bombax, Cheirostemon, Montezuma. 
Sub-order 2. Helicterew. Flowers hermaphrodite. Anthers two-locular 
188 
