BOTANY. 197 
into two valves, septum elliptical, cells many-seeded. Exainple: Subularia. 
Tribe 21. Heliophilee. Silicula elongated or oval, separating into two 
plane valves; septum straight or oval, cells many-seeded. Example: 
Heliophila. 
The entire order includes about 173 genera, with 1600 species. Of these 
40 genera and 240 species are North American. There are no truly 
poisonous plants in the order, the characteristics lying in the possession of 
anti-scorbutic and stimulant properties, with some acridity. Brassica 
oleracea is the stock from which all the varieties of cabbage are derived. 
B. rapa is the common turnip; B. campestris, the Swedish turnip. Sea- 
kale is Crambe maritima. The seeds of Sinapis nigra furnish table mustard ; 
and of S. alba, white mustard. The Horse-radish is Cochlearia (Armoracia) 
rustica; Isatis tinctoria furnishes Woad; I. indigotica, Chinese Indigo. 
The Radish and Cress also belong here. 
Sinapis alba, White Mustard (pl. 66, jig. 11); a, 0, leaf, flowers, and 
fruit; c, sexual apparatus; d, siliqua; ¢, ditto opened; 7, g, seed. 
Orper 210. Fumartaces, the Fumitory Family. Sepals two, deciduous. 
Petals four, cruciate ; one or both of the two outer gibbous at the base, the 
two inner cohering at the apex. Stamens hypogynous, usually six, 
diadelphous ; anther of middle stamen of each parcel bilocular, outer ones 
unilocular. Ovary free, one-celled; style filiform; stigma with two or 
more points; ovules amphitropal. Fruit either an achenium, or a two- 
valved, two-seeded capsule, or a many-seeded siliqua. Seeds crested ; 
albumen fleshy; embryo minute, excentric. Herbaceous plants, with a 
watery juice, and alternate, multifid leaves. Although at the first sight 
very unlike the Poppy family, the Fumitories resemble this order in their 
deciduous sepals, in their seeds, and in many cases in their fruit. The two 
outer unilocular stamens of each parcel may be considered as forming one 
perfect stamen, thus making the whole number four. They are found 
chiefly in northern temperate latitudes. They are said to be bitter and 
diaphoretic in their properties. Lindley notices 15 genera, including 110 
species. North America has four genera and twelve species. Z7zbe 1. 
Corydalee. Fruit siliquose, dehiscent, many-seeded. Examples: *Dielytra, 
*Adlumia, *Corydalis. Zrebe 2. Fumariee. Fruit siliculose, indehiscent, 
many-seeded. Example: Fumaria. 
Adlumia cirrhosa is the Alleghany vine of American gardens. Species 
of Dielytra are vulgarly known as Dutchman’s Breeches. 
Orver 210. Papaveracen, the Poppy Family. Sepals two, deciduous. 
Petals hypogynous, usually four, cruciate, sometimes a multiple of four, 
regular, rarely wanting. Stamens hypogynous, usually 00, sometimes a 
multiple of four; anthers dithecal, innate. Ovary solitary; style short or 
none; stigmas two, or many and radicating ; ovules 00, anatropal. Fruit 
unilocular, either siliqueform with two, or capsular with several parietal 
placentas. Seeds numerous ; albumen between fleshy and oily ; embryo 
minute, at the base of the albumen, with plano-convex cotyledons. Herbs 
or shrubs, usually with milky or colored juice, having alternate exstipulate 
leaves, and long one-flowered peduncles. The plants belonging to this 
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