198 BOTANY. - 
order are chiefly European. The species, however, are found scattered 
over tropical America, Asia, China, New Holland, Cape of Good Hope, &e. 
Lindley mentions aishtoen ae genera, and 130 species. North America 
has eleven genera, including sixteen species. 
“Tribe 1. "Nrgeenen Juice milky, colored. Sub-tribe 1. Bocconiew. 
Petals none, or not wrinkled in the bud. Examples: “Sanguinaria, 
Bocconia. Sub-tribe 2. Papaveree. Petals large, wrinkled in the bud. 
Examples : Chelidonium, “Argemone, * Papaver. 
Tribe 2. ee. Juice watery. WSub-tribe 3. Hunemanniee. 
Capsule bivalve. Examples: Eschscholtzia, *Dendromecon. Sub-tribe 4. 
Platystemonee. Examples: Platystemon, *Meconella. 
Opium is the concrete milky juice from the unripe capsules of Papaver - 
somniferum, or Poppy and its varieties. This plant is indigenous in 
western Asia, but has become extensively distributed in other parts of the 
world. The principal active principle of opium is morphia: others are 
codeine and narcotine, with meconic and sulphuric acid. Sanguinaria 
canadensis, Blood root or Puccoon, is well known for the red color of its 
juice. 
‘ Papaver somniferum, Poppy (pil. 66, jig. 9); a, a flowering branch; 4, 
bud, a sepal removed; ¢, pistil; d, capsule, opened at the side; e, seed 
magnified ; 7, seed of natural size; g, stamen. 
-Chelidonium majus, Celandine (Europe) (pl. 66, jig. 10); a, b, flower 
and fruit branch ; c, bud; d, flower; e, stamen; f, pistil; g, capsule. 
~ OrvER 212. SaRRacENtACEs, the Sidesaddle-flower Family. Sepals: five, 
persistent, imbricated in estivation, often with coherent bracts outside. 
Petals five, hypogynous, concave; occasionally the corolla is absent, and 
the calyx consists of four to six segments. Stamens 00; anthers adnate, 
(lithecal, introrse, with longitudinal dehiscence. Ovary free,  tri- 
quinquelocular; style single ; stigma persistent, either a truncated point, or 
large and peltate with five angles : ovules anatropal. Capsule three- to five- 
Siled. with loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds very numerous, small, attached 
to ee placentas which project from the axis into the cavity of the cells; 
albumen copious; embryo cylindrical, lying at the base of the seed ; radicle. 
pointing to the hilum. Herbaceous plants, found in boggy places, having 
radical leaves, the petioles of which are folded, and cohere so as to form 
ascidia or hollow tubes. Scapes one- or more-flowered. The plants are 
found in North America and Guiana. Their properties are not known. 
Lindley enumerates two genera, including seven species. Examples : 
Sarracenia, Heliamphora. All of these are North American, excepting 
Heliamphora with one species, found in Guiana at considerable elevations. 
Sarracenia purpurea is the Sidesaddle flower of the northern States. 
OrverR 213. Netvumptaces, the Water-Bean Family. Sepals four to five. 
Petals numerous, in many rows. Stamens indefinite, in several rows ; 
filaments petaloid; anthers adnate, introrse, opening by a double longi- 
tudinal cleft. Torus large, fleshy, elevated, inclosing in hollows of its 
surface numerous carpels. Nuts numerous, inserted, but loose, into the 
‘depressions of the torus. Seeds one to two; perisperm none; embryo 
198 
