200 BOTANY. 
orbicular. Fruit baccate or capsular, indehiscent. Albumen fleshy or 
horny; embryo straight, sometimes large. Shrubs or herbaceous perennial 
plants, with alternate, compound, exstipulate leaves. The true leaves are. 
often changed into spines. [ound chiefly in the mountainous parts of the 
temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Tribe 1. Berberidew. 
Embryo in the axis, and occupying nearly the whole length of the albumen. 
Shrubs. Example: *Berberis. Zribe 2. Nandinee. Embryo minute at: 
the base of the albumen, often oblique with respect to the hilum. Perennial 
herbs. Examples: #7 pontices *Podophyllum. 
Lindley enumerates twelve genera with one hundred species, of which 
seven genera with eleven species belong to North America. Berberis 
vulgaris and canadensis constitute the Barberry plant, known for the acidity ~ 
of the fruit, which is caused by the presence of oxalic acid. Podophyllum 
peltatum is the May-apple. ? 
Berberis vulgaris, Barberry (Europe) (pl. 68, fig. 5); a, flowering branch; 
6, a flower; c, calyx and pistil; d, stamens ; ¢, berry ; 7, longitudinal section 
of a berry; g, the seed. 
Orper 217. MrnisperMacex, the Moon-Seed Family. Flowers usually 
unisexual (often dicecious). Sepals and petals similar in appearance, in one 
or several rows, three or four in each row, hypogynous, deciduous. Stamens 
monadelphous, or occasionally free; anthers adnate, extrorse. Carpels 
solitary or numerous, distinct or partially coherent, unilocular; ovule 
solitary, curved. Fruit a succulent, one-seeded, oblique or lunate drupe. 
Embryo curved or peripherical ; radicle superior ; albumen fleshy, sometimes 
wanting. The plants of this order are sarmentaceous or twining shrubs, 
with alternate leaves, and very small flowers. The wood is frequently 
arranged in wedges, and hence the order was at one time put under the 
division called Homogens by Lindley. The order is common in the tropical 
parts of Asia and America. There are twenty-three known genera, 
including 202 species. Examples : *Menispermum, Cissampelos, *Cocculus. 
Two genera with three species represent this order in North America. 
The Cocculus indicus of the shops is the fruit of Anamirta cocculus. 
Although highly poisonous, it is employed by some brewers to give 
bitterness to porter. It is also used to intoxicate and capture fish. 
Orver 218. Anonace#, the Custard-Apple Family. Sepals three or four, 
persistent, often partially cohering. Petals six, hypogynous, in two rows, 
coriaceous, with a valvate sstivation. Stamens indefinite (very rarely 
definite); anthers adnate, extrorse, with a large four-cornered connective. 
Jarpels usually numerous, separate or cohering slightly, rarely definite ; 
ovules anatropal, solitary or several, erect or ascending. Fruit succulent 
or dry, the carpels being one- or many-seeded, and either distinct or united 
into a fleshy mass; spermoderm brittle; embryo minute, at the base of a 
ruminated perisperm. ‘Trees or shrubs, with alternate, simple, exstipulate 
leaves, found usually in tropical countries. Lindley enumerates 20 genera, 
including 300 species. Examples: Anona, Uvaria, Gualteria, *Asimina. 
There are four species of Asimina in the United States. One of these, A. 
200 
