126 ZOOLOGY. 
that it remained motionless for fourteen days. It was nocturnal, rapacious, 
and was able to bite hard coleoptera into pieces. Its chief food was insects, 
which it masticated, and did not suck out, in the manner of spiders. They 
fight fiercely with each other, the victor eating the vanquished. The female 
watches her eggs and young with much assiduity. The latter, according to 
the same author, were, hatched in fourteen days, and did not stir for three 
weeks, when nee moulted and became active. Galeodes lives under stones, 
and digs holes for itself in the earth. 
oe 4. Potymerosomata. In this order, which is the first of the section 
Pulmonaria, the body has distinct segments. 
fam. 1. Scorpionide. Scorpio (pl. TT, Hig: 51); Buthus (fig. 52), 
These animals are remarkable for the articulated tail-like extension of the 
abdomen in the typical sub-family Scorpzonine, in which the end of the 
abdomen is armed with a poisonous sting. The scorpions have another 
peculiar appendage, being a kind of comb upon each side of the base of the 
abdomen beneath. The eyes vary in number and position, and thus afford 
characters for various genera. The mouth is situated at the base of the 
palpi and the two anterior pairs of feet. 
The extent to which the sting of scorpions is mortal, and the existence 
of a2 pore or pores to give egress to the poison, have ee matters of dispute 
both in ancient and Bone times. Pliny and Tertullian assert correctly, 
that it is not the wound of the sting, but the poisonous liquid, which is the 
cause of the evil. The poison gland opens by a pore on each side of the 
point of the sting. The sting of the small species seems to occasion no 
greater injury than that of a hornet or similar insect, whilst that of 
the larger species is believed to be fatal in certain cases. The Arabs, 
and the inhabitants generally of countries infested by the larger scorpions, 
regard them with horror. The sting is used in defence, and in killing the 
insects which are taken for food. They carry the tail curved upwards in 
walking. They are solitary, living in dark places, and often entering 
houses and taking refuge in beds, igi boots, &c. The scorpions are 
found in the warm regions of both continents; in North and South America ; 
and two identical ys are found in the cote ae region of Europe, 
Asia, and Africa. 
In the sub-family, Lheliphonine, the sting and abdominal combs are 
absent, and the abdomen ends in a slender tail. 
Fam. 2. Phrynide. This family forms a link in the passage to the 
Dimerosomata, as the general appearance approaches that of a spider, the 
abdomen being oval nee pedunculated, although it is segmented, and without 
a caudal appendage. Phrynus, the only genus of the family, has but six 
ambulatory feet, the anterior pair being very long and slender, and having 
all the articulations following the femur replaced by a multitude of small 
articulations, giving to these organs a kind of antennal character, which is 
observable in a less degree in Zhelyphonus, where the tarsus alone is thus 
subdivided. 
Orprr 5. Dierosomatra. In this order, which includes the spiders, the 
body is divided into cephalothorax and abdomen, the latter being joined to 
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