162 ZOOLOGY. 
Lepturide. Among the genera figured in plate 81, are Prionus (fig. 61), 
Clytus (figs. 51, 52), Astynomus (fig. 54), Saperda (fig. 56), Leptura (fig. 
46), Molorchus (fig. 45). In the last the elytra are very short, and the 
Wings are not folded under them. Serville is the chief authority in the 
arrangement of the Longicornia. For the species inhabiting the United 
States, the papers of Say, Haldeman, and Le Conte, may be consulted. 
The Phytophaga is an extensive group of short and often polished and 
bright colored insects which inhabit and feed upon plants, and many of the 
species are destructive to garden vegetables. Latreille divided them into 
Eupoda (from the size of the posterior feet) and Cyclica (from their circular 
form). The families are: 1, Sagride; 2, Crioceride ; 3, Cassidide ; 4, 
Galerucide ; 5, Chrysomelide. The first and second of these belong to 
the Hupoda. 
In the Chrysomelide the antennz are eleven-articulate, and are inserted 
in front of the eyes ; the head is small, and inserted in the prothorax, which 
is narrower than the elytra. The colors are generally bright, and resemble 
polished copper, gold, or steel. There are between six and seven hundred 
species known. They abound in tropical climates, and are common in 
temperate regions. | 
In the last section, Zremera (pl. 81, figs. 83-101), of the Coleoptera, the tarsi 
have three movable and distinct articulations, with the addition of a minute 
and immovable one. The species are of a small size, the body is short and ~ 
often hemispherical, and the antenne are short, with a tri-articulate club. 
Some feed upon plants, some upon fungi, and others upon the genus Aphis. 
The families are: Hrotylide (Clavipalpt, Latr.); 2, Endomichide (fungi- 
cola, Latr.); 3, Coccinellidee (Aphidiphagi, Latr.). To these some add the 
Pselaphida, the characters of which assimilate them to the Brachelytra. 
Fam. 1. Hrotylide. These insects are sometimes placed at the end of 
the preceding section, on account of their tetramerous tarsi. The antenne 
have eleven articulations, they end in a compressed club, and are usually 
inserted in front of the eyes. The edges of the elytra are turned in upon 
the venter laterally, and they are often marked with impressed points. They 
live upon plants, and the great majority of the species belong to the 
American continent. The genera 77riplax, Languria, Hrotylus, and Dacne, 
have representatives in the United States. 
Fam. 2. Endomychide. These are found in fungi, both in the larva 
and imago state. Their size is small, the antenne are eleven-articulate, 
placed near the eyes, and they are larger than the head and prothorax 
together. Mulsant terms them Sulcicolles, from the longitudinal grooves 
of the pronotum. 
Fam. 8. Coccinellide (pl. 81, jigs. 93-100). This family includes the 
little hemispherical insects known as lady bugs. They are of bright colors, 
and are often marked with spots. When disturbed they emit a yellow fluid 
from the joints of the feet, which was formerly supposed to be a specitic for 
the toothache. They feed upon Aphides, but the common large yellow 
American species with the black spots (Coccinella borealis), eats cucurbi- 
taceous plants both in its larva and perfect state. These insects pass the 
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