ARTICULATA. 163 
winter in crevices, or under bark, in little colonies. Mulsant has added a 
considerable number of genera to the family. 
Orver 5. OrruoprerA. In this order (pl. 80, jigs. 78-93) the anterior 
wings (or teginina) are somewhat coriaceous and veined, with the inner 
margins overlapping and not meeting in a straight line as in the Coleoptera. 
The mouth is mandibulate, and much like that of the Coleoptera; the 
mandibles and maxille are well developed, each of the latter being pro- 
tected by an external jointed galea. The labrum is transverse, the labium 
four-parted, and with the tongue, labial palpi, and maxillary palpi, well 
developed. The body is*generally long, the head vertical, the antenne 
slender, and the thorax much as in the Coleoptera. In some cases the wings 
are wanting, and sometimes they are so small as to be useless. Some have 
the anterior wings only, and in one genus the posterior ones are alone 
present. The feet are well developed, but whilst some forms are very 
active, the movements of others are remarkably slow. The grasshoppers 
are perhaps more destructive to growing vegetation than any other family. 
The Mantide eat other insects, and the Blattide or cockroaches destroy 
both animal and vegetable substances. The Orthoptera are generally of a 
large size, and although in bulk they probably do not surpass the gigantic 
beetles, in the length of the body and the expanse of their feet and wings the 
Phasmide much exceed them, some of them being eight or ten inches long. 
The Orthoptera are much less numerous in species than the Coleoptera, 
although in the number of individuals they are at times extremely abundant. 
There are six families: 1, Forficulide; 2, Blattide; 3, Mantide; 4, 
Phasmide ; 5, Gryllide ; 6, Locustide ; 7, Acridude. 
Fam. 1. Forficulide. This family is considered an order by some 
authors, under the name of Dermaptera, &c. They resemble (Forficula, 
pl. 81, jigs. 1, 2) the Brachelytra, having a slender body, and the elytra 
short, but they differ in the organs of the mouth, which correspond to the 
type of the Orthoptera. rom these they differ in the wings, which have a 
peculiar structure, and in the peculiar pincer-like organ at the extremity of 
the abdomen. The wings fold both longitudinally and transversely to bring 
them under the elytra. They are active, and feed during the pupa state, in 
which they resemble the typical Orthoptera. They run and fly well, live 
in damp plages, and feed upon vegetable food. In Europe they feed upon 
flowers, and are considered a great pest by gardeners, but the American 
species seems not to destroy anything valuable, nor is it popularly known 
by anyname. /orficula sits over her eggs and carefully watches the young 
when they appear. The larvee resemble the adults, but they are without 
wings, whilst the pupz show indications of them in an undeveloped state. 
These insects are trimerous, and the antennz are long, slender, and composed 
of many articulations. Some authors admit but one genus in the family. 
Fam. 2. Blattide (Llatta, pl. 80, fig. 93). The family of the cockroaches 
has the body depressed, the head more or less hidden under the prothorax, the 
elytra horizontal, with the inner edges passing over each other; the antennez 
are long and setaceous, the feet cursorial, the tarsi five-articulate, and the 
apex of the abdomen with two slender appendages. 
367 
