164 ZOOLOGY. 
The wings of this family are generally better developed in the male 
than in the female, and the latter has a wider abdomen, with one or 
two segments less than in the male. The eggs are contained in a capsule 
resembling a small bean, with one edge serrulate, and this the female carries 
at her abdomen for some time. 
These insects are nocturnal, hiding by day and roaming about in search of 
food at night. In houses they are most abundant about fireplaces. They 
infest ships, which have distributed several species over the world, so that 
it is difficult to tell the original country of some of them. In tropical regions 
they are extremely troublesome, from their voratity and their numbers. — 
fam. 3. Mantide (figs. 90, 91). Body lengthened, prothorax longer 
than in the remaining thoracic portion, anterior feet raptorial, tarsi five- 
articulate, antennee sometimes pectinate, apex of the abdomen with two 
slender appendages. They are carnivorous, and seize their prey with the 
anterior feet. The wings are horizontal, and the elytra in the males are 
larger and narrower than in the females. They remain stationary, waiting 
for their prey, their prothorax and raptorial feet raised as if in the attitude 
of supplication, whence they have been called praying insects, and Mantis 
religiosa (pl. 80, jig. 90) has received its trivial name from this cireum- 
stance. They are pugnacious, and when confined together will eat each 
other. The Chinese make them fight for amusement, and it often happens 
that one will cut off the head of its antagonist by getting its neck within — 
the grasp of one of its raptorial feet. The eggs are deposited in a single 
body, and covered with a gummy mass which hardens in the air. The egg 
mass of Mantes carolina, of the Southern United States, will serve as an 
example. In Hmpusa (E. gongylodes, pl. 80, fig. 91), the antenne are bipec- 
tinate in the male, and setaceous in the female. This genus is remarkable 
for the leaf-like expansions upon the feet. 
fam. 4. Phasmide (pl. 80, figs. 89, 92). Here the elytra are rudimen- 
tary, the prothorax shorter than the remaining thoracic portion, the antenne 
setaceous, all the feet ambulatory, and the tarsi are usually pentamerous. 
These insects are phytophagous, and live upon trees ; and they present some 
very curious forms. Some species have wings, whilst others have not the 
least rudiment of them. In the species which have large wings their 
anterior margin is thickened, and covers the inner fan-like portion like the 
outer stiff edge of a fan. Some of these have been named walking-sticks 
from their resemblance to a stick. COyphocrana gigas (jig. 92, from the 
Moluccas, is ten inches long. The foliaceous expansions upon the feet of 
the genus Phyllium (P. siccifolium, fig. 89), and the shape and color of the 
wings, give it the appearance of a leaf, whence its scientific name, that of 
walking leaf, sometimes given to it in English. 
Bacteria femorata, figured in Say’s American Entomology, is found from 
Pennsylvania to Carolina, upon chestnut trees, the leaves of which it eats. 
The eggs resemble certain seeds; they are mature in autumn, and they are 
probably laid upon the ground. This is generally a rather rare insect, but 
Dr. Hiester has discovered that they occur in great numbers in the 
Monocasy hills in eastern Pennsylvania. He says: “In the latter part 
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