ARTICULATA. 171 
than ten. They are destructive to various cultivated vegetables, and some 
feed upon the leaves of the pine. 
Lophyrus (pl. 79, fig. 43) is remarkable for having the antenne multi- 
articulate, those of the male being bi-pectinated, and those of the female 
serrate. The larva of Z. pint is sometimes very destructive to the pines 
in Europe. Wematus (fig. 44) has the antenne slender and nine-articulate 
in both sexes. The larvee have six true and fourteen false feet. They live 
upon leaves and change in the ground, where they form a cocoon. Cimbex 
( jigs. 45, 47) has a heavy body, and the antenne with five articulations, in 
addition to a terminal club. The’species are of rather large size, and some 
of them are finely colored. C. americana is described by Dr. T. W. Harris 
in his report on injurious insects. | 
Fam. 2. Uroceride. The genus Urocerus, Geoff., 1764 (Sirex, Linn., 
1767), of which the European U. gigas (pl. 79, fig. 42) is a good example, 
is the type of this family. The body is lengthened, cylindric, and the 
abdomen united by its entire base, and furnished in the female with a borer 
for inserting the egg in living trees, chiefly of the resinous kind, to which 
the larvee are at times very destructive. 
Fam. 3. Cynipide (figs. 48-53). This is a family of small insects, the 
larvee of which are generally parasitic in plants, where they cause the 
excrescences named galls. The antenne are straight, and have from 
thirteen to sixteen slender articulations. The female has a slender ovi- 
positor, which is internal and spiral in a state of repose. The irritation of 
depositing an egg in the plant causes an excrescence, and the continued 
feeding of the larva upon its internal part continues to keep up the 
abnormal action until a gall is formed, of large size, compared with that of 
the little insect which finally leaves it. 
fram. 4. Evanide. In this family the posterior feet are the stoutest, and 
the abdomen is affixed to the metanotum. Hvania has a very small abdomen, 
and is parasitic in the Slatte. Dr. Reinhardt found a species upon the 
U.S. ship Constitution, in various parts of the world (including Cochin 
China and Rio), where it doubtless accompanied the Blattw which infest 
shipping. In the American genus Pelecinus, the abdomen of the female is 
remarkably long and slender. 
fam. 5. Ichneumonide (pl. 79, figs. 32, 383, 87-89, 45). The body of 
these insects is narrow, the antenne rather long, of numerous articulations, 
and vibratile. The feet are long, and adapted for running, and the ovi- 
positor straight. These insects are abundant in spécies and individuals, the 
size varies considerably, but the greater part are small, and some are 
minute. The larvee are the chief enemies of the Lepidoptera, under the 
skin of the larvee of which the eggs are deposited by means of the ovipositor 
of the female /ehnewmon. The young feeds upon the internal parts of the 
caterpillar, avoiding the vital organs, and by the time the young Jehnewmon 
has acquired its full growth, the caterpillar is ready to die. Sometimes the 
caterpillar changes into the pupa state, from which the parasite makes its 
appearance. A caterpillar may contain a single larva of an /ehnewmon ot 
a large size, or fifty or more small ones. They are not confined to Lepi- 
375 
