ARTICULATA. 179 
- those which fly by twilight, and have the antenne gradually thickened ; and 
the third (Wocturna), the night-fliers, in which the antenne are usually filiform. 
These sections correspond respectively to the extensive Linnean genera, 
Papilio, Sphinz,and Phalena. But the terms of these sections are not exact, 
because some of the Crepuscularia and Nocturna are day-fliers, and on this 
account Boisduval applied the name /?hopalocera (meaning club-horned) 
to the Diurna, and Z/eterocera to the others, on account of their antennee 
being variously formed. Blanchard names the latter Chalinoptera, because 
they (generally) have a kind of bridle to unite the posterior to the anterior 
wings, and the former (the Diurna), Achalinoptera, because they want this 
contrivance. The Achalinoptera (or Diurna) he separates into five tribes: 
Papilioniens, Nymphaliens, Eryciniens, Hesperiens, and Cydimoniens. 
The Chalinoptera he divides into nine tribes; Castniens, Sesiens, Zyga- 
niens, Sphingiens, Bombyciens, Noctueliens, Uraniens, Phaleniens, and 
Pyraliens. 
Westwood divides the Ruopatocera into the families: 1, Papilionide ; 
2, Heliconiide ; 3, Nymphalidae ; 4, Hrycinide ; 5, Lycenide ; 6, Hesperi- 
ide; and the Herrrocera into: 1, Sphingidw ; 2, Uranude; 8, Anthro- 
certde (or Zygenide); 4, Trachilide (or Sesiades, Latr.) ; 5, Hepialidea ; 
6, Bombycidw; 7, Arctiidae ; 8, Lithoside ; 9, Noctuide ; 10, Geometride ; 
11, Pyralide ; 12, Tortricide ; 13, Yponomeutide; 14, Tineide; 15, 
Alucitide. 
In the Nomenclator Zoologicus of Agassiz the following families are 
admitted, but a uniform termination is not given: Papzilionides, Nyctalidee, 
Sphingides, Sesie, Zygenides, Chelonaru, Bombyces, Noctue, Geometre, 
Pyralides, Tortrices, Tinew, Pterophoria. 
Fam. 1. Pterophoride. This family includes several genera of small 
insects remarkable for having all the wings deeply split into narrow pieces 
which are fringed and resemble feathers, whence one of the genera has been 
named Pterophorus (P. pentadactylus, pl. 79, fig. T7).. The rays of the 
wings can be folded over each other. 
fram. 2. Timeide (pl. 79, figs. 81-87). This is an extensive family of 
small narrow-winged butterflies, with the rostrum generally rudimentary, 
and the antenne ordinarily raised over the head. These insects are among 
the smallest of the Lepidoptera, and although their colors are generally 
sombre, many of them are beautiful objects. In their larva state various 
species, as Zinea pellionella (fig. 84), are destructive to clothing, feathers, 
hair, and similar materials, which are used as food, and to construct a kind 
of cocoon which the larva carries with it. The larvee of other species (as 
Tinea granella, fig. 81) teed upon stored grain. 
Gallerea cereana ( fig. 83) lives in beehives, where it destroys the honey 
and causes the death of the bees. The larva seems to feed upon the wax. 
Some authors separate /yponomeuta and a few other genera in which the 
wings inclose the sides, and the posterior ones are the largest, and folded. 
Hyponomeuta ( figs. 86, 87), Plutella (fig. 82), Lemmatophila (fig. 85). 
fam. 3. Tortricide (pl. 19, figs. 78, 79, 90, 91, 92). In this family the 
wings are enlarged near the shoulder, a little deflexed, and when closed, 
383 
