180 ZOOLOGY. 
forming a triangle. The larve are naked, and have sixteen feet. They 
feed chiefly upon leaves, the edges of which they roll up into a tube and 
fasten with silk. In this they readily move backwards and forwards. 
The larva of Carpocapsa pomonella (fig. 79), known as the. apple worm, 
lives in apples, causing them to fall prematurely. Tortria vircdana (fig. 
91) is very destructive to the foliage of oak forests. The larve of Coccyx 
resinosa (fig. 78), and two other species, eat the buds and leaves of pine 
trees in Germany; and being very abundant, they cause great damage. 
Sciaphila literata (fig. 90), Halias prasinana (fig. 92). 
fam. 4. Pyralide (pl. 79, jigs. 80, 88, 89). These insects are of a small 
size; in repose the wings generally form a triangle, and the feet are long, 
particularly the anterior ones, which are often fasciculate. AHypena (77. 
rostralis, jig. 88) is found in grass; and the larva, which has fourteen feet, 
rolls the edges of a leaf in which it undergoes its transformations. Hercyna 
(ZZ. palliotalis, fig. 80) has a stout body, the wings short and dark satin 
colored, and the species inhabit mountainous regions in Europe. The larva 
of Botys (B. verticalis, fig. 89) has sixteen feet, and has the habits of that 
of Hypena. The adult inhabits moist and chad Lari and is generally 
found upon the lower side of leaves. 
fam. 5. Geometride (pl. 79, figs. 983-101). The name of this family is 
derived from the locomotion of the larvee, which, having often but four false . 
feet, and these placed at the posterior extremity, move by stretching the 
body, holding by their thoracic feet, and then bringing up the posterior 
portion, forming a loop with the central part; and when the posterior false 
feet have taken a new hold, the anterior part is again stretched forward. 
Some of the larvee have twelve or fourteen feet; they feed upon the leaves 
of various plants; and like the caterpillars of some other families, they can 
suspend themselves by a thread. The body of the imago is slender, and the 
wings are sometimes irregularly shaped, and somewhat varied in their 
coloring. They are nocturnal, and common in forests. When disturbed 
during the day, they fly a short distance, and hide in the herbage. 
The species figured in pl. 79, are Abraxis grossulariata ( fig. 94), Acdalia 
brumata (fig. 93), A Our Rane (fig. 97), Boarmia hortaria (fig. 95), 
Geometra papilionaria (fig. 96), Crocallis elinguaria ( fig. 98), Fidonia 
—wavaria (fig. 99), Ennomos syringaria (fig. 100), E. almarea (fig. 101), 
Ourapteryx sambucaria (fig. 102). 
Fam.6. Noctwide (pl.79, figs. 108-123, 129,136). In this family thebody 
is robust, the tergum often with a bunch of hair, the antennz simple, but 
sometimes pectinate or crenulate in the males, wings often declivent in repose, 
and marked in many species with undulating lines. The larvee are generally 
sixteen-footed, and live upon trees between leaves which they join with silk. 
The pupa occupies the same places, or a coccon upon or beneath the earth. 
The distinctions between many of the genera are slight and difficult to identify. 
The mouth is well developed, and the maxille long. The species figured 
are Heliothis delphinit (fig. 103), Mamestra pisi (fig. 104), IL. oleracea 
(fig. 105), IL. brassice (fig. 107), Trachea atriplicis (fig. 108), Lr. proccou 
(fig. 111), Polia che (fig. 112), Acronycta rumicis (fig. 106), A. pse (fig. 
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