ARTICULATA. 181 
113), Miselia oxycanthe (fig. 109), Plusia triplasia (fig. 110), P. gamma 
(fig. 118), Xelina exoleta (fig. 114), Cucullia wmbratica (fig. 115), C. 
verbasci (fig. 116), Phlogophora meticulosa ( fig. 117), Triphena pronuba 
(fig. 119), Catocala fraxini (fig. 120), C. pacta (fig. 121), C. sponsa (fig. 
122), C. paranympha (fig. 123), Scoliopteryx libatrix (fig. 129), one of the 
few species found in America as well as in Europe; Lpisema cwruleo- 
cephala (fig. 186). 
Fam. . Bombycide (pl..79, figs. 180-185, 187-151; pl. 80, figs. 4-7). 
This is the family of the silkworms, which contains some of the largest 
and handsomest species of nocturnal butterflies. The mouth is in most 
cases rudimentary, the wings in repose are either horizontal or deflexed, and 
the antenne bi-pectinate in the males. The larvee have sixteen feet ; they 
feed upon leaves, and spin a silken cocoon out of a single thread, with the 
aid of a gummy matter, which soon hardens. Several species are reared for 
the silk, and this valuable material might be furnished in greater quantity, 
were it not that in some cases warm water will not dissolve the gum of the 
cocoon as it does in Bombyx more (pl. 79, fig. 149), and in others the silk 
is so intermixed with leaves, and wrapped about branches, that there is a 
difficulty in unwinding it. -Some of the larve are gregarious, living together 
in large numbers, spinning webs upon trees, and often destroying vegetation. 
Some of the large members of this family, as the Chinese Hyalophora atlas, 
have a bare space in the wings which is as transparent as mica. In others 
this is replaced by colored spots. 
Cossus ligniperda ( pl. 79, fig. 135), is three inches or more in the expanse 
of the wings ; its-color is whitish varied with brown, and streaked with black. 
The larva burrows in the living wood of willows, poplars, and ash, feeding 
upon the chips which it separates with its powerful jaws. It grows three 
years in the larva state, when it becomes a pupa in one of its galleries, in a 
cocoon made of silk mixed with fragments of wood. 
Clisiocampa castrensis (pl. 79, fig: 146), C.neustria (fig. 147), Hriogaster 
lanestres ( fig. 150), Pacilocampa populd (fig. 140), Lascocampa rubi (fig. 
151), Wotodonta camelina ( fig. 130), WV. ziczac (fig. 134), Cerura vinula 
(jig. 148), Orgya antiqua (fig. 188), O. fascilena ( fig. 137), Liparis 
chrysorhea ( fig. 141), L. dispar ( fig. 142), Pygera bucephala (fig. 128), 
Clostera curtula ( fig. 188), Demas coryle ( fig. 189). 
Lasiocampa quercus ( pl. 80,.fig. 1), Dendrolumus pind (fig. 2), Odonestis 
potatoria ( fig. 3), Gastropacha quercifolra (fig. 5), Aglia tau ( fig. 6), 
Nagelflecknusstrauchrothbuchenspinner. 
Fam. 8. Aretude. This family is named Chelonides by Boisduval, and 
is recognised by the spotted abdomen, and the bright colors of the wings, 
particularly the inferior ones. Westwood places Votodoniéa and its allies in 
this family, whilst Boisduval and Stephens place them ina distinct one. 
The genus Arctia, as given here, admits of a. division into various sub- 
genera. 
Callimorpha jacobee (pl. 79, fig. 124), Arctia fuliginosa (fig. 125), A. 
matronula (fig. 126), A. dominula (fig. 127), A. purpurea (fig. 181), A. 
lubricipeda (fig. 132), A. hera (fig. 148), A. caja (fig. 144). 
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