ARTICULATA. 183 
bia, fig. 12; D. elpenor, fig. 13; D. celerio, fig. 14). The maxille are not 
very long in this genus. Sphinz (S. pinastri, fig. 11; S. ligustri, fig. 16 ; 
S. convolvuli, fig. 17). In this genus the spiral maxillee are very long, and 
the antenne somewhat lengthened, and hooked at the apex. Most of the 
caterpillars have oblique pale stripes upon the sides, and a horn near the 
posterior extremity. The pup have the rostrum case detached, and form- 
ing a hook. They change in the earth. Sphinx carolina and S. quinque- 
maculata are common in the United States. Acherontia atropos (fig. 15) 
is the largest member of this family in Europe. It is known by a mark 
upon the thorax in the shape of a human skull. Smerinthus (S. tiliw, fig. 
18; S. populi, fig. 19; S. ocellata, fig. 20) has the maxille very short, and 
the outer margin of the anterior wings irregular. The species are of slug- 
gish habits, and do not feed upon the wing. The larva enters the ground 
to change, and the pupa is without the hooked rostrum case. Dr. T. W. 
Harris has published a valuable paper upon this family in the 36th vol. of 
the Am. Jour. of Science. 
Macroglossa (M. stellatarum, pl. 80, fig. 10) is a day-flying genus having 
a tuft at the end of the abdomen. Its habits on the wing are those of 
Trochilus, with which it may be readily confounded. 
Sesia fuciformis (pl. 80, fig. 9). This small group has no characters 
sufficient to separate it from the Sphingzde, with which Westwood unites 
it. Sesia has the wings transparent, and the bedy robust and hairy. The 
species fly about flowers in the bright sunshine. This genus differs but 
little from Macroglossa, and both are called humming-birds. 
Fam. 12. Uraniide (or Nyctaloidee). These splendid insects have the 
general appearance of the diurnal Lepidoptera, except that instead of having 
the antennze knobbed, the basal half is filiform, and the remainder gradually 
thickened, and then tapering to the point. The discoidal cell of all the 
wings is open. The chief color is a bright golden green, mixed with black 
and sometimes red. They fly during the day; and their flight is high and 
rapid, so that they cannot readily be taken except by rearing them from the 
larvee. 
Fam. 13. Papilionide, Diurna, or Lhopalocera. This family contains 
a great many large and beautiful insects which fly about in the brightest 
sunshine, but become dull in damp and cloudy days. They are sometimes 
of a large size, the expanse of the tropical genus Ornithopterus reaching ten 
inches. The colors are at times very gorgeous, reflecting like polished 
metal. ‘The patterns are very various, composed of stripes, spots, or rings. 
Sometimes the lower surface of the wings differs but little from the upper 
one, but in other cases the pattern is very distinct. In most cases, the 
upper surface presents the most variety, and the brightest tints. The 
coloring is sometimes uniform through certain genera and groups: Colias 
being yellow and white, with the margins of the wings black; Polyom- 
matus, blue; and Argynnis fulvous, with black spots above and silvery 
ones below. Butterflies seldom live over one season, but a few survive the 
Winter and appear early in spring. Some are solitary, and others grega- 
rious. The genus Papilio is very extensive, containing about three hundred 
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